Tone Squelch and DCS in Analog FM · 模拟 FM 选呼(CTCSS / DCS)

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29CHAPTER

模拟 FM 选呼(CTCSS / DCS)

Tone Squelch and DCS in Analog FM
本章要点:在模拟 FM 模式下,可借助亚音(CTCSS)或数字编码静噪(DCS)实现"只听特定电台"的选呼。本章说明静噪类型(SQL TYPE)的选择与各类型的含义、CTCSS 音调频率的设置(50 种,67.0 Hz – 254.1 Hz)、DCS 码的设置(104 种,023 – 754),并汇总中继台配合时的注意点。

29.1 模拟 FM 模式下的静噪类型选择Selecting the Squelch Type in the Analog FM Mode

EN
  1. Press and hold the [FUNC] knob.
  2. Touch or rotate the [FUNC] knob to select [SQL TYPE].
  3. Rotate the [FUNC] knob to select the type of squelch, refer to the table below.
  4. Press the [BACK] key several times to return to normal operation.

Tone squelch (CTCSS) and DCS functions do not operate in the C4FM digital mode.

  1. 按住 [FUNC] 旋钮。
  2. 触摸或旋转 [FUNC] 旋钮选择 [SQL TYPE]。
  3. 旋转 [FUNC] 旋钮选择静噪类型,参见下表。
  4. 按几次 [BACK] 键返回正常操作。

Tone squelch(CTCSS)和 DCS 功能在 C4FM 数字模式下不起作用。

表 29-1 模拟 FM 静噪类型(SQL TYPE)Table 29-1 Squelch types in the analog FM mode
类型Type 说明Description
OFF停用 CTCSS 和 DCS 功能,回到模拟 FM 模式下的普通静噪操作。
ENC
(TONE ENC)
在模拟 FM 发射时加入 CTCSS 音调。接收仍为普通静噪操作。
TSQ
(TONE SQL)
在模拟 FM 接收时启用 CTCSS 音调静噪功能。
DCS启用数字编码静噪(DCS)功能。DCS 码可从 104 个码中选择(023 至 754)。
PR FREQ启用电台的"无通信静噪"功能。无通信信号音调频率可在 300 Hz 至 3000 Hz 范围内以 100 Hz 步进指定。
REV TONE启用反向音调功能,用于监视基于静噪控制系统的通信。当信号中包含指定音调时静噪不打开,音调信号消失时静噪打开并开始通信。
EN

The squelch type may be set for each frequency band (BAND).

The CTCSS and DCS squelch settings are also active during scanning. If scanning is performed with the CTCSS and DCS squelch function activated, scanning stops only when a signal containing the specified CTCSS tone or DCS code is received.

静噪类型可按每个频段(BAND)分别设置。

CTCSS 和 DCS 静噪设置在扫描期间同样有效。若在启用 CTCSS 或 DCS 静噪功能的状态下进行扫描,只有收到含有指定 CTCSS 音调或 DCS 码的信号时扫描才会停下。

29.2 Tone Squelch(CTCSS)功能Tone Squelch (CTCSS) Feature

EN

The tone squelch opens the speaker audio only when a signal containing the specified CTCSS tone is received. The receiver will be quiet while waiting for a call from a specific station.

The Tone squelch feature only works in Analog FM mode or AMS function.

音调静噪只在收到含有指定 CTCSS 音调的信号时才打开扬声器音频。在等待特定电台呼叫期间,接收机保持安静。

Tone squelch(音调静噪)功能仅在模拟 FM 模式或 AMS 功能下有效。

设置 CTCSS 音调频率Setting CTCSS Tone Frequency

EN

The tone may be selected from 50 frequencies (67.0 Hz to 254.1 Hz).

  1. Press and hold the [FUNC] knob.
  2. Touch [SQL TYPE].
  3. Rotate the [FUNC] knob to select [TSQ].
  4. Touch [TONE FREQ].
  5. Rotate the [FUNC] knob to select the tone frequency.
  6. Press the [BACK] key several times to return to normal operation.

音调可从 50 种频率中选择(67.0 Hz 至 254.1 Hz)。

  1. 按住 [FUNC] 旋钮。
  2. 触摸 [SQL TYPE]。
  3. 旋转 [FUNC] 旋钮选择 [TSQ]。
  4. 触摸 [TONE FREQ]。
  5. 旋转 [FUNC] 旋钮选择音调频率。
  6. 按几次 [BACK] 键返回正常操作。
EN

The tone frequency setting is common with the squelch types as follows: "ENC (TONE ENC)", "TSQ (TONE SQL)", "REV TONE (REVERSE TONE)".

The default setting is "100.0 Hz".

音调频率设置在以下几种静噪类型之间是共用的:"ENC (TONE ENC)"、"TSQ (TONE SQL)"、"REV TONE (REVERSE TONE)"。

默认设置为 "100.0 Hz"。

29.3 DCS 数字编码静噪功能Digital Code Squelch (DCS) Feature

EN

The Digital Code Squelch opens the speaker audio only when a signal containing the specified DCS code is received.

The DCS feature only works in Analog FM mode or AMS function.

数字编码静噪只在收到含有指定 DCS 码的信号时才打开扬声器音频。

DCS 功能仅在模拟 FM 模式或 AMS 功能下有效。

设置 DCS CODESetting the DCS CODE

EN

The DCS code may be selected from 104 types (from 023 to 754).

  1. Press and hold the [FUNC] knob.
  2. Touch [DCS].
  3. Rotate the [FUNC] knob to select the DCS code.
  4. Press the [BACK] key several times to return to normal operation.

DCS 码可从 104 种中选择(023 至 754)。

  1. 按住 [FUNC] 旋钮。
  2. 触摸 [DCS]。
  3. 旋转 [FUNC] 旋钮选择 DCS 码。
  4. 按几次 [BACK] 键返回正常操作。
EN

The DCS code set in the above operation is common for all transmissions with a DCS Code ("DCS", "D-ENC (DCS ENC)", "T-DCS (TONE DCS)", "D-TSQ (DCS TSQL)").

The default DCS code is "023".

上述操作设置的 DCS 码在所有带 DCS 码的发射中是共用的("DCS"、"D-ENC (DCS ENC)"、"T-DCS (TONE DCS)"、"D-TSQ (DCS TSQL)")。

默认 DCS 码为 "023"。

表 29-2 CTCSS / DCS 速查表Table 29-2 CTCSS / DCS quick reference
用途 菜单项 典型值 与中继台配合的注意点
普通守听(不选呼)[SQL TYPE] → OFF OFF 直频或中继均无亚音要求时使用;有信号即出声
发射加亚音(上中继)[SQL TYPE] → ENC (TONE ENC),再 [TONE FREQ] 按中继要求设定;默认 100.0 Hz,共 50 种(67.0 Hz – 254.1 Hz) 发射加亚音、接收不加,中继下行无亚音时也能听到,是最常用的上中继配置
接收选呼(只听特定台)[SQL TYPE] → TSQ (TONE SQL),再 [TONE FREQ] 与对方发射亚音一致;默认 100.0 Hz 频率设置与 ENC / REV TONE 共用;若中继下行不带亚音,用 TSQ 会完全听不到下行
数字编码静噪[SQL TYPE] → DCS,再 [DCS] 共 104 种(023 – 754);默认 023 DCS 码在 DCS / D-ENC / T-DCS / D-TSQ 之间共用;中继端必须同样使用 DCS,否则无法开启
无通信静噪[SQL TYPE] → PR FREQ 300 Hz – 3000 Hz,100 Hz 步进 属于业务电台用途,业余中继场景一般不涉及
反向音调监视[SQL TYPE] → REV TONE 与 [TONE FREQ] 共用同一音调 有指定音调时静噪不开、音调消失时反而打开,用于监视特定系统的通信
扫描中的选呼沿用当前 [SQL TYPE] 设置 与守听时一致 启用 CTCSS / DCS 后,扫描只会在收到含指定音调或 DCS 码的信号时停下
按频段记忆[SQL TYPE](每个 BAND 独立) 按 BAND 分别保存 换波段后需重新确认 [SQL TYPE],不要以为设置会跟着频率走
避坑指南 · 音码不匹配导致完全听不到PITFALL · Tone/code mismatch means total silence 这是模拟 FM 选呼最常踩的坑:明明 S 表有信号、频率也没错,扬声器却一声不出。原因是 SQL TYPE 选了 TSQ 或 DCS,而对方发射的 CTCSS 音调或 DCS 码与你设置的不一致(包括对方根本没发亚音)。排查顺序:① 先把 [SQL TYPE] 改成 OFF,如果能听到,说明频率与信号都没问题,只是音/码不对;② 核对对方发射的音调频率(50 种之一)或 DCS 码(104 种之一),注意音调频率在 ENC / TSQ / REV TONE 之间是共用的,改一处等于改三处;③ DCS 码同样在 DCS / D-ENC / T-DCS / D-TSQ 之间共用;④ 上中继时,多数场景只需 ENC 加中继上行要求的亚音即可,把 SQL TYPE 设成 TSQ 反而会因为中继下行不带亚音而全程静默(社区经验);⑤ 确认 C4FM 数字模式下 CTCSS / DCS 根本不起作用,别在数字模式下反复查亚音。 A strong signal with no audio almost always means a tone or code mismatch. First set [SQL TYPE] to OFF to confirm the signal is really there. Then verify the CTCSS tone (one of 50 frequencies) or the DCS code (one of 104 codes) used by the other station. Remember the tone frequency setting is shared between ENC, TSQ and REV TONE, and the DCS code is shared across DCS, D-ENC, T-DCS and D-TSQ. For repeater access, ENC with the repeater's input tone is usually sufficient; using TSQ can mute the downlink entirely when the repeater transmits no tone (community-reported). CTCSS and DCS do not operate in the C4FM digital mode.
注意 / NOTE CTCSS / DCS 只是"静噪控制",不是加密:它只决定是否打开本机的扬声器,并不阻止他人用 OFF 静噪类型收听你的通话,业余通信中不得以此期望通信内容不被听到。 CTCSS and DCS are squelch control methods, not privacy or encryption. Anyone using the OFF squelch type on the same frequency can still hear the transmission.
技术提示 / TIP 静噪类型按 BAND 分别保存,换波段后先确认一次 [SQL TYPE] 再开始守听。启用 CTCSS / DCS 后扫描只会在音/码匹配时停住,想快速扫频段找信号时,建议临时把 [SQL TYPE] 设回 OFF,扫到信号后再按需改回。 The squelch type is stored per band. When scanning to find activity, temporarily set [SQL TYPE] to OFF so that scanning stops on any signal, then restore the selective setting afterwards.