CRAC Bilingual Manual: CQ Calls and Initiating Contacts | CQ 呼叫与发起联络 (46 questions)

If an amateur station is calling CQ, what does it mean?

1. AA non-specific call to any domestic or overseas amateur station
2. BA call to domestic amateur stations only
3. CA call to overseas amateur stations only
4. DPrefers to call DX stations; domestic stations had better not answer

How does an amateur station initiate a CQ call?

1. ACall CQ and give your own call sign. For clarity, you may repeat CQ once or twice and spell out the call sign phonetically
2. BCall “any friends on the frequency?” and then give your call sign. For clarity, you may spell the call sign
3. CSay “CQ” three times, then say “come in” once. For clarity, you may spell CQ
4. DSay “CQ” three times, then say “standing by” once. For clarity, you may spell CQ

How do you answer a CQ call?

1. AGive the other station’s call sign and then give your own call sign. For clarity, you may repeat key parts or spell them phonetically
2. BGive your own call sign and then give the other station’s call sign. For clarity, you may repeat key parts or spell them phonetically
3. CSay “CQ” three times and then give the other station’s call sign three times. For clarity, you may repeat key parts or spell them phonetically
4. DFirst give a signal report and then your call sign. For clarity, you may repeat key parts or spell them phonetically

Operator Xiaoqiang wants to call another amateur station and speak with operator Xiaoming. The correct method is:

1. AGive the other station’s call sign and then your own call sign. Once communication is established, you may ask to speak with Xiaoming
2. BGive your own call sign and then the other station’s call sign. Once contact is made, you may ask to speak with Xiaoming
3. CSay “CQ Xiaoming” three times and then give your call sign. For clarity, you may spell the call sign
4. DSay “CQ Xiaoming” three times and then say “this is Xiaoqiang”. For clarity, you may spell CQ

After an amateur station establishes communication, the necessary information the two sides should exchange first is:

1. Aa signal report
2. Bthe operator’s name
3. Cthe operating location
4. Dequipment and facilities

Why do amateur stations always exchange signal reports immediately after establishing communication?

1. ABoth sides need the report to understand propagation conditions and arrange the most suitable operating method
2. BIt is the most basic telegraphy requirement; no need to ask why, just do it
3. CBoth sides need the report to calibrate transmit power
4. DTo decide whether to abandon the contact, because signals below S5 are ineligible for awards

In modern amateur radio communication, signal reports all use the “RST format”. In the abbreviation RST, the letter R stands for:

1. Athe readability of the signal
2. Bthe strength of the signal
3. Cthe purity of the signal
4. Dthe Q-code QRK

Xiaoming and Xiaoqiang make a CW and an FM contact; both receivers indicate a signal strength of “5”. For the CW contact, both rate copying as smooth, with no tone distortion or other signal defects; for the FM voice contact, both find the audio easily intelligible, without obvious distortion affecting copy. In this situation, the signal reports they should give for the CW and FM contacts are:

1. A559 and 55
2. B55 and 559
3. CDo not mind the S-meter reading; giving 599 and 59 is best
4. DDo not mind the S-meter reading; giving 59 and 599 is best

An amateur station should listen before transmitting (monitor first). But sometimes, because you cannot hear one side of an ongoing contact, you may mistake the frequency for being clear, and a “CQ” could then interfere with others. To minimize this, you can:

1. AAsk “is anyone using the frequency?” and only start calling after confirming there is no reply
2. BAsk “anyone? anyone? come in.” and only start calling after confirming no reply
3. CStart calling and communicating first, and only yield the frequency once you hear a station actually working
4. DStart calling and communicating first, and keep using it as long as no other station requests a QSY

BH1ZZZ wishes to join an ongoing contact between two other stations. The correct method is:

1. AWhen one side has just stopped transmitting, briefly send “break” or “insert”. If acknowledged, then state “BH1ZZZ requests to break in”. After the other station formally invites you, begin the conversation
2. BWhile one side is still talking, briefly insert a single “break” to send the break-in request to the listening party
3. CTransmit a brief “insert” or “break” once. If there is no response, raise power and keep trying
4. DIf both sides are operators you know well, just speak in directly; no need for formalities

If during a contact you hear a station in distress requesting to break in, what should you do?

1. AImmediately confirm the emergency with that station and find out what help it needs
2. BImmediately contact, or get someone to help contact, local amateurs or amateur teams familiar with emergency communications
3. CImmediately change your operating frequency
4. DImmediately stop all transmitting

When requesting to break into a conversation between two stations, a worthwhile rule of thumb is:

1. AConsider whether your joining would affect the enjoyment of the original two parties’ conversation
2. BMake sure your signal quality is unanimously praised by both original parties
3. CEnsure your license class is roughly equal to that of the two original parties
4. DBe confident you have more interesting conversation topics than the two original parties

If you find that an amateur station’s transmitting operating technique is not quite standard, but it is not yet causing serious interference or impact, the correct action is:

1. AOffer friendly suggestions for improvement by phone, email, or similar means
2. BImmediately point it out and correct it face-to-face on the frequency
3. CImmediately report it to the radio management authority for intervention
4. DImmediately report it to the local amateur radio association so its headquarters station comes on frequency to police it

An amateur station’s communication suffers serious interference from an illegal or unidentified station. The correct action is:

1. AIgnore it, collect relevant information, and report it to the radio management authority
2. BOn the frequency, lecture it about radio management law and demand it stop interfering
3. CImmediately report it to the radio management authority for intervention
4. DUse a high-power signal to suppress it

If you have a lot of important technical matters and personal news to exchange with an amateur station several tens of kilometers away, which communication method should you choose?

1. Atelephone or the internet
2. Buse a local amateur repeater
3. Cuse an HF-band amateur station
4. Duse a VHF/UHF amateur station with a sufficiently tall antenna

Regulations and international amateur radio practice require the following as the necessary contents of an amateur station log:

1. Acommunication time, communication frequency, communication mode, the other station’s call sign, and both sides’ signal reports
2. Bthe other operator’s name, the other station’s country or city, communication mode, and both sides’ signal reports
3. Ccommunication time, communication frequency, both sides’ transceiver equipment and antennas, and the other station’s location
4. Dcommunication time, communication mode, the other side’s signal report, the other station’s location, and the other side’s weather

Exchanging QSL cards between amateur radio stations has multiple meanings, including: (Choose all that apply.)

1. Aconfirming radio contacts locally, nationally, and even worldwide
2. Btracking the operating performance of one’s own station equipment, including home-built transmitters
3. Capplying for awards, proving one’s effort in communication, technique, and other fields
4. Dpurely collecting, appreciating, and displaying QSL cards from around the world

What contents should a QSL card at least cover? (Choose all that apply.)

1. Athe call signs of both stations in the contact
2. Bboth sides’ signal reports and the contact time
3. Cthe mode of operation and the contact frequency
4. Dthe operator’s signature/stamp and the station’s mailing address

Regarding the use of QSL cards, which of the following statements is correct?

1. AIf the exchanged QSL card is not used as proof of a contact or a listening report, then in the “mode” field you should write “face-to-face exchange” or “Eyeball QSO”, etc. Blank cards should not be given away
2. BAn amateur’s blank QSL cards can be used as photos or business cards, and are suitable to give away, exchange, or distribute
3. CHams are reciprocal. Even if the other party never contacted you, you may still send a QSL confirming the contact
4. DIf you did not copy the other station’s call sign, or omitted or mistyped it in the log, you may fill the other station’s call-sign field with the operator’s name when mailing the QSL

When you receive a QSL card mailed from overseas and the envelope also contains one or more IRCs (International Reply Coupons), you should:

1. AAs soon as possible, check your station log to confirm the contact is genuine, then mail your own QSL card directly to the other party’s address
2. BNo need to confirm the contact is genuine; just mail your card directly to the other party’s address as soon as possible
3. CAs soon as possible, check your station log to confirm the contact is genuine, then send your card to the domestic QSL bureau
4. DIgnore it. The lower your license class, the less you need to respond; low-class amateurs’ QSL cards are usually worthless

The correct way to fill in and mail a QSL card is:

1. AWhen you urgently need the other party to return a card, mail your card directly to their address and include a SASE (self-addressed stamped envelope)
2. BWhen you fill in something wrong, cross it out or use correction fluid to cover the error and then correct it
3. CWhen your mailing address differs from the station’s transmit location, you should write the detailed mailing address in the QTH field
4. DWhen sending a card via the QSL bureau and hoping for a return, you should mark “PSE QSL DIRECT” on the card

When exchanging QSL cards, we sometimes meet a special kind of radio enthusiast who only sends us a listening (SWL) card. After confirming the card’s contents we promptly return a card out of respect. This kind of enthusiast is:

1. Aa shortwave listener (SWL)
2. Ba broadcast enthusiast
3. Ca DIY enthusiast
4. Dan amateur radio monitor

When working through a repeater, we should preset the radio’s receive/transmit offset in advance, so we can smoothly handle operations on the uplink or downlink frequencies and avoid setting things up mid-contact and making mistakes. The uplink/downlink frequency offsets of amateur repeaters in the 144 MHz and 430 MHz bands are, respectively:

1. A0.6 MHz, 5 MHz
2. B12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
3. C4 MHz, 10 MHz
4. D2 MHz, 5 MHz

If you call a specific amateur station through a repeater, you should:

1. ACall the other station’s call sign and give your own call sign
2. BCall “break, break”, then say the other station’s call sign two or three times
3. CCall “CQ” three times, then say your own call sign three times
4. DWait until the station you want to call itself calls CQ through the repeater

The principle for using an amateur repeater is:

1. AExcept for necessary brief contacts, the repeater’s uplink and downlink frequencies should be kept clear so they can respond at any time to calls in sudden disasters and other emergencies
2. BThe repeater should be kept as close to saturated/busy as possible to raise utilization efficiency
3. CAmateur civil organizations (associations) are encouraged to broadcast notices to local members via the repeater
4. DTeenage students are encouraged to exchange problem-solving methods and study notes via the repeater

Deep space means space at a distance from the Earth approximately equal to or greater than which of the following values?

1. A2,000,000 km
2. B200,000 km
3. C100,000 m
4. D15,000 m

The orbital inclination of an amateur Earth satellite is defined as including:

1. Athe angle between the orbital plane and the Earth’s equatorial plane, measured counterclockwise from the equatorial plane at the orbit’s ascending node
2. Bthe angle between the orbital plane and the Earth’s equatorial plane, measured clockwise from the equatorial plane at the ascending node
3. Cthe angle between the orbital plane and the Earth’s equatorial plane, measured counterclockwise from the equatorial plane at the descending node
4. Dthe angle between the orbital plane and the Earth’s equatorial plane, measured clockwise from the equatorial plane at the descending node

The period of an amateur satellite means:

1. Athe interval between two successive passes of a specific point on its orbit
2. Bthe interval between two successive passes over a given observation point on Earth
3. Cthe interval between two successive passes across the Earth’s equator
4. Dthe interval between two successive passes over the Earth’s North Pole

A geosynchronous satellite means:

1. Aan Earth satellite whose orbital period equals the Earth’s rotation period
2. Ba satellite whose ground track passes over places at roughly the same local time
3. Ca satellite whose orbital plane passes through the Earth’s North and South Poles
4. Da satellite whose instantaneous orbital plane always keeps a fixed orientation relative to the Sun

A Sun-synchronous orbit satellite means:

1. Aa satellite whose instantaneous orbital plane always keeps a fixed orientation relative to the Sun
2. Ba satellite that remains approximately stationary relative to the Earth
3. Ca satellite in a circular, prograde orbit lying in the Earth’s equatorial plane and remaining relatively stationary over the Earth
4. Dan Earth satellite whose orbital period equals the Earth’s rotation period

A geostationary satellite means:

1. Aa satellite that remains approximately stationary relative to the Earth
2. Ba satellite whose ground track passes over places at roughly the same local time
3. Ca satellite whose orbital plane passes through the Earth’s North and South Poles
4. Dall geosynchronous satellites

The direction of a satellite’s ascending pass refers to which part of the orbit:

1. Afrom south to north
2. Bfrom north to south
3. Cfrom northeast to southwest
4. Dfrom southeast to northwest

The direction of a satellite’s descending pass refers to which part of the orbit:

1. Afrom north to south
2. Bfrom south to north
3. Cfrom northeast to southwest
4. Dfrom southeast to northwest

The satellite’s period means:

1. Athe time for the satellite to travel once around the Earth along its orbit
2. Bthe time for the satellite to spin once about its own center of mass
3. Cthe interval between two exact passes directly overhead a given ground point
4. Dthe time for the satellite, with the Earth, to orbit the Sun once

A satellite’s linear transponder means:

1. Aa relay device on the satellite that shifts the entire received uplink band (or shifts plus inverts it) in frequency and retransmits it
2. Ba satellite relay that linearly amplifies the received uplink, then demodulates and re-modulates it before retransmitting
3. Ca satellite relay that demodulates the received uplink, then linearly amplifies and re-modulates it before retransmitting
4. Da satellite relay that demodulates and re-modulates the received uplink, then linearly amplifies it before retransmitting

The characteristics of a satellite linear transponder are:

1. Ait retransmits all signals within its operating band without changing their original modulation characteristics, and can relay various common amateur modes
2. Bthe transponder uses a linear amplifier circuit, so the retransmitted signal has little distortion
3. Cit first demodulates the received signal, then reshapes and linearly amplifies it before re-modulating and retransmitting, improving the downlink SNR
4. Dthe retransmitted amplitude is linearly proportional to the uplink amplitude, so it can only relay amplitude-modulated modes such as CW, SSB and AM

Sometimes the received satellite downlink strength shows periodic fast fading; this is because:

1. Athe satellite’s tumbling causes a polarization mismatch between its antenna and the receiving antenna
2. Bthe wave is affected by the ionosphere
3. Cthe wave is affected by high-altitude air currents
4. Dthe satellite’s power supply is unstable

After installing satellite-orbit prediction software, the preparation that must be done before predicting a satellite’s position is:

1. Adownload the Keplerian orbital elements (orbital parameters) of the satellite to be predicted
2. Benter the local magnetic declination and magnetic inclination
3. Cdownload the latest sunspot number average
4. Ddownload the latest F10.7 radio flux

A low-Earth-orbit amateur satellite’s transponder has limited coverage. The solution for achieving global amateur radio communication using such satellites is:

1. Athe satellite stores the uplinked data and forwards it later (store-and-forward)
2. Bground stations perform terrestrial relaying
3. Cground stations switch to higher-power transmitters
4. Draise the antenna height of ground stations

When conducting amateur satellite communication, using transmit power beyond the normal requirement produces what result, and what is the attitude toward this practice?

1. Aan over-strong uplink makes the satellite transponder reduce the forwarding power to other channels, seriously harming others’ communications; it must be opposed
2. Bthe higher the uplink power, the better the forwarding and the larger the range; it should be encouraged
3. Cbeyond a certain value more uplink power barely improves results but does no real harm; it is无所谓 (doesn’t matter)
4. Dtoo much uplink power wastes energy and causes electromagnetic pollution; it is not encouraged

In amateur satellite communication, how do you determine that your current transmit power is appropriate?

1. Amake sure your downlink signal strength is about the same as the beacon’s
2. Bobserve your own signal strength from the telemetry message
3. Clisten to whether the downlink audio is overloaded/distorted
4. Dask other stations whether you should QRP (reduce power)

In communication between a ground station and an amateur satellite, the main factor affecting signal strength at VHF/UHF is:

1. Afree-space attenuation of the radio wave
2. Bionospheric absorption of the radio wave
3. Cionospheric reflection of the radio wave
4. Dabsorption of the radio wave by the ground

In amateur satellite communication, the modes called A, B, K, JA, JD, S, T, etc. indicate:

1. Athe amateur frequency bands used for the transponder’s uplink and downlink and the modulation modes supported
2. Bthe call-sign prefix of the country that launched the satellite
3. Cthe transmit-power class of the amateur transponder
4. Dcertain orbital parameters of the amateur satellite

The concept of “Doppler effect” appears in both amateur satellite communication and amateur radio direction finding. The Doppler effect means:

1. Aa shift in the received-signal frequency caused by a change in the relative distance between the transmitter and receiver
2. Ba fluctuation in received-signal amplitude caused by time-varying propagation conditions
3. Ca fluctuation in received-signal amplitude caused by position-dependent propagation conditions
4. Da fluctuation in received-signal amplitude caused by a change in the wave’s polarization during propagation

When a ground station conducts amateur satellite communication, the Doppler-shift pattern of the received satellite-signal frequency is:

1. Ahigher when the satellite is approaching, lower when receding; the shift is larger the farther away, and smallest at the zenith
2. Blower when approaching, higher when receding; larger the farther away, smallest at the zenith
3. Chigher when approaching, lower when receding; smaller the farther away, largest at the zenith
4. Dlower when approaching, higher when receding; smaller the farther away, largest at the zenith

Amateur radio satellites are generally placed in low or elliptical orbits. The main reason is:

1. Alow launch cost
2. Bthis increases the transponder’s power
3. Cstronger Earth gravity aids orbital stability
4. Dit increases the transponder’s coverage