CRAC Bilingual Manual › Part: General Operating Rules and Practices
CRAC Bilingual Exam Manual (Class A / B / C) | 中国业余无线电台操作技术能力验证英中对照手册
This section covers Calling Procedure and Listening with 34 bilingual questions from the CRAC 2025 question bank. Each question shows the original Chinese (left) and the English translation (right). The correct answer is highlighted in green, followed by a Knowledge Point Analysis and Candidate Tips covering US–China differences, common pitfalls, and real on-air practice.
Class badges ABC indicate which license-class syllabus includes each question. Class A is the entry level, Class B adds HF privileges, and Class C is the advanced level.
业余电台在发起呼叫前应先守听一段时间，然后再询问“有人使用频率吗？”，确认没有应答方可发起呼叫。下列英语短句中不能正确表达这一询问的是：
- ACalling you, Roger？
- BIs this frequency in use？
- CIs anyone at this frequency？
- DAnybody here？
Before initiating a call, an amateur station should listen for a while and then ask “is anyone using the frequency?”, only calling after confirming no reply. Which of the following English phrases does NOT correctly express this inquiry?
- A“Calling you, Roger?”
- B“Is this frequency in use?”
- C“Is anyone at this frequency?”
- D“Anybody here?”
The question asks which phrase does NOT mean “is the frequency in use?”. B/C/D all ask whether anyone is on frequency. “Calling you, Roger?” (A) is a directed call to a specific station, not a frequency-check query — so A is the incorrect one and is marked correct per the key.
US–China difference: “Is this frequency in use?” / “Anybody on frequency?” are standard English; “Roger” means “received”, not “anyone there”.
Common pitfall: Misreading “不能正确表达” (which cannot correctly express) and marking a valid query.
Real on-air practice: “Is this frequency in use, BH1ZZZ listening?” is the proper pre-CQ check.
业余电台BH1ZZZ用FM或SSB话音发起CQ呼叫的方法为：
- ACQ CQ CQ，这里是BH1ZZZ，Bravo Hotel One Zulu Zulu Zulu，BH1ZZZ呼叫CQ，听到请回答
- BCQ CQ CQ，请您继续
- CCQ CQ CQ，我是1ZZZ，请过来
- DCQ CQ CQ；CQ CQ CQ；CQ CQ CQ，我是BH1ZZZ，您请讲
The method for amateur station BH1ZZZ to initiate a CQ call in FM or SSB voice is:
- A“CQ CQ CQ, this is BH1ZZZ, Bravo Hotel One Zulu Zulu Zulu, BH1ZZZ calling CQ, if anyone copies please answer”
- B“CQ CQ CQ, please continue”
- C“CQ CQ CQ, this is One Zulu Zulu Zulu, come over”
- D“CQ CQ CQ; CQ CQ CQ; CQ CQ CQ, this is BH1ZZZ, you go ahead”
A proper Chinese-voice CQ states “CQ CQ CQ, 这里是BH1ZZZ, [phonetics], BH1ZZZ呼叫CQ, 听到请回答” — exactly option A. B (“please continue”) is not a CQ; C truncates the call to “1ZZZ” (incomplete); D ends with “您请讲” (you go ahead) which is not a CQ closing.
US–China difference: In English the standard is “CQ CQ CQ, this is <call> <phonetics>, <call> calling CQ and standing by.”
Common pitfall: Shortening the call sign (“1ZZZ”) — always give the full call with phonetics.
Real on-air practice: “CQ CQ CQ, BH1ZZZ Bravo Hotel One Zulu Zulu Zulu, BH1ZZZ calling CQ, over.”
业余电台BH1ZZZ用话音发起CQ呼叫的方法为：
- ACQ CQ CQ, this is BH1ZZZ, Bravo Hotel One Zulu Zulu Zulu, BH1ZZZ calling CQ and standing by
- BCQ CQ, calling CQ. Go ahead
- CCQ CQ, calling CQ, this is One Zulu Zulu Zulu. Come on
- DCQ CQ CQ, CQ CQ CQ, CQ CQ CQ, this is BH1ZZZ. Back to you
The method for amateur station BH1ZZZ to initiate a CQ call in voice is:
- A“CQ CQ CQ, this is BH1ZZZ, Bravo Hotel One Zulu Zulu Zulu, BH1ZZZ calling CQ and standing by”
- B“CQ CQ, calling CQ. Go ahead”
- C“CQ CQ, calling CQ, this is One Zulu Zulu Zulu. Come on”
- D“CQ CQ CQ, CQ CQ CQ, CQ CQ CQ, this is BH1ZZZ. Back to you”
Option A is the standard English-voice CQ: “CQ CQ CQ, this is <call> <phonetics>, <call> calling CQ and standing by.” B lacks the call sign; C truncates the call to “One Zulu Zulu Zulu”; D ends with “Back to you” (improper for a general CQ).
US–China difference: Identical English format used by US hams.
Common pitfall: Saying “go ahead/back to you” in a CQ that invites anyone.
Real on-air practice: “CQ CQ CQ, this is W1AW, Whiskey One Alfa Whiskey, W1AW calling CQ and standing by.”
业余电台BH1ZZZ用话音呼叫BH8YYY的方法为：
- ABH8YYY，BH8YYY，BH8YYY，这里是BH1ZZZ，Bravo Hotel One Zulu Zulu Zulu，BH1ZZZ呼叫，听到请回答
- BBH8YYY，我是BH1ZZZ，我是BH1ZZZ，我是BH1ZZZ，您继续
- CBH8YYY，我是1ZZZ，请过来
- D8YYY，BH1ZZZ，听到讲
The method for amateur station BH1ZZZ to call BH8YYY in voice is:
- A“BH8YYY, BH8YYY, BH8YYY, this is BH1ZZZ, Bravo Hotel One Zulu Zulu Zulu, BH1ZZZ calling, if anyone copies please answer”
- B“BH8YYY, this is BH1ZZZ, this is BH1ZZZ, this is BH1ZZZ, please continue”
- C“BH8YYY, this is One Zulu Zulu Zulu, come over”
- D“8YYY, BH1ZZZ, copies?”
A directed Chinese-voice call repeats the target’s call three times, then “这里是BH1ZZZ [phonetics], BH1ZZZ呼叫, 听到请回答” — exactly option A. B ends with “您继续” (please continue), C truncates the call to “1ZZZ”, and D uses an incomplete “8YYY”.
US–China difference: English directed call: “<their call> <their call>, this is <your call> <phonetics>.”
Common pitfall: Shortening your own call sign in a directed call.
Real on-air practice: “BH8YYY BH8YYY BH8YYY, this is BH1ZZZ, over.”
建立话音通信后，操作员小明打算给对方电台BH1ZZZ“57”的信号报告。他可以这样讲：
- ABH1ZZZ，你的信号57。是否抄收？
- BBH1ZZZ，我给你57的信号可以吗？
- C57，57，拷贝了吗？
- D57，57，这里是BH1ZZZ，听到请回答
After establishing voice communication, operator Xiaoming wants to give the other station BH1ZZZ a signal report of “57”. He can say:
- A“BH1ZZZ, your signal is 57. Do you copy?”
- B“BH1ZZZ, is it OK if I give you a 57 report?”
- C“57, 57, did you copy?”
- D“57, 57, this is BH1ZZZ, if anyone copies please answer”
A signal report is given by naming the station and stating its signal: “BH1ZZZ, 你的信号57” then confirming copy (A). B asks permission oddly; C gives the number without naming the station; D uses “this is BH1ZZZ” which would falsely claim to be the other station. Only A is correct.
US–China difference: US phrasing: “BH1ZZZ, you’re 57, do you copy?” — same structure.
Common pitfall: Saying “this is BH1ZZZ” when reporting their signal — that misidentifies you.
Real on-air practice: “BH1ZZZ, you are 59, good copy, my name is …”
建立话音通信后，小明打算介绍自己是在成都操作的。他可以这样讲：
- A我的QTH是成都
- B我QRT在成都
- C我在成都QRO
- D我在成都QRV
After establishing voice communication, Xiaoming wants to say he is operating from Chengdu. He can say:
- A“My QTH is Chengdu”
- B“I am QRT in Chengdu”
- C“I am QRO in Chengdu”
- D“I am QRV in Chengdu”
QTH means “my location”, so “我的QTH是成都” (My QTH is Chengdu) is the correct way to state operating location (A). QRT = shutting down (B), QRO = increasing power (C), QRV = I am ready / equipped (D) — none mean “located at”.
US–China difference: QTH for location is universal; US hams also say “my QTH is …”.
Common pitfall: Confusing QTH (location) with QRO (power up) / QRT (quit) / QRV (ready).
Real on-air practice: “My QTH is Chengdu, grid locator OM84” is a standard exchange.
收听业余无线电爱好者的SSB通联时，我们有时会听到“Cheerio.”、“Ciao ciao.”或“Do svidaniya.”一类的短句。其含义是：
- A不同国家或地区的爱好者互致美好祝愿并表达再见之意
- B一些英语词汇
- C一些非英语词汇
- D从一种语言至另一种语言的转写
When listening to SSB contacts between amateur radio operators, we sometimes hear short phrases like “Cheerio.”, “Ciao ciao.”, or “Do svidaniya.” Their meaning is:
- Aamateur radio operators from different countries or regions exchanging good wishes and saying goodbye
- Bsome English words
- Csome non-English words
- Da transcription from one language to another
“Cheerio” (British English), “Ciao ciao” (Italian), and “Do svidaniya” (Russian) are all friendly farewells. On the air they express mutual good wishes and goodbye between operators of different regions (A). B/C/D only describe the linguistic nature, not the communicative meaning.
US–China difference: US hams also use “73” and occasional foreign farewells; “73” is the standard closing.
Common pitfall: Picking the literal “non-English words” instead of the intended friendly-goodbye meaning.
Real on-air practice: Ending a DX contact with “73” plus a local farewell shows goodwill.
如果以CW方式回应一个CQ呼叫，你如何确定自己的发送速度？
- A确保自己能够完美抄写，但是不高于对方的速度
- B确保自己能够完美抄写，但是不低于对方的速度
- C日常联络不要高于12WPM
- D竞赛或DX通联时不要低于30WPM
If you answer a CQ call in CW, how do you set your sending speed?
- Amake sure you can copy perfectly, but do not exceed the other station’s speed
- Bmake sure you can copy perfectly, but do not go below the other station’s speed
- Cin everyday contacts do not exceed 12 WPM
- Din contests or DX contacts do not go below 30 WPM
Good CW practice is to reply at a speed you can both send and copy well, and never faster than the station you are answering (A). Matching or exceeding the other’s speed (B) is rude/uncopyable; the fixed WPM limits in C/D are not the rule.
US–China difference: US CW courtesy is identical: “answer at the speed of the caller, never faster.”
Common pitfall: Blasting back at 30 WPM when the caller sent 10 — you won’t be copied.
Real on-air practice: Caller sent 12 WPM? Reply at 12, not your contest 25.
业余电台在发起呼叫前应先守听一段时间，然后再通过简短询问来确定当前频率是空闲的。使用CW或其他文字方式进行通联时，适合这一场景的短句是：
- AQRL？
- BQRT？
- CQRU？
- DQRV？
Before initiating a call, an amateur station should listen for a while, then use a brief query to confirm the frequency is clear. When using CW or other text modes, the suitable short phrase for this situation is:
- AQRL?
- BQRT?
- CQRU?
- DQRV?
QRL? means “Are you busy?” / “Is this frequency in use?” — exactly the query to check whether a frequency is occupied before calling (A). QRT = “stop sending / are you closing down”; QRU = “have you anything for me?”; QRV = “are you ready?” — none asks about frequency occupancy.
US–China difference: Q-codes are international; US hams also send “QRL?” to check a frequency.
Common pitfall: Using QRV or QRU when you mean “is the frequency busy?”
Real on-air practice: Send “QRL?” (then pause and listen) before your CQ on a contest band.
业余电台BH1ZZZ用CW或其他文字方式发起CQ呼叫的方法为：
- ACQ CQ CQ DE BH1ZZZ BH1ZZZ BH1ZZZ PSE K
- BCQ CQ CQ DE BH1ZZZ QRZ？
- CCQ CQ DE BH1ZZZ KN
- DCQ CQ CQ CQ CQ CQ CQ CQ CQ DE BH1ZZZ GA
The way for amateur station BH1ZZZ to send a CQ call in CW or other text mode is:
- ACQ CQ CQ DE BH1ZZZ BH1ZZZ BH1ZZZ PSE K
- BCQ CQ CQ DE BH1ZZZ QRZ?
- CCQ CQ DE BH1ZZZ KN
- DCQ CQ CQ CQ CQ CQ CQ CQ CQ DE BH1ZZZ GA
A standard CQ sends “CQ” three times, “DE”, your call sign three times, then “PSE K” (A). B uses QRZ? (means “who is calling me?” — not a CQ); C omits the call repetition and uses KN (invitation to a specific station); D’s excessive CQ repetition and “GA” are non-standard.
US–China difference: The “CQ CQ CQ DE callsign ×3 K” format is universal; US hams use it too.
Common pitfall: Ending a CQ with QRZ? — that means “who’s calling?” not “call me.”
Real on-air practice: Send “CQ CQ CQ DE BH1ZZZ BH1ZZZ BH1ZZZ K” to invite any station.
业余电台BH1ZZZ使用CW或其他文字方式呼叫BH8YYY的方法为：
- ABH8YYY BH8YYY BH8YYY DE BH1ZZZ BH1ZZZ BH1ZZZ PSE K
- BBH8YYY BH8YYY BH8YYY DE 1ZZZ K
- CBH8YYY BH8YYY BH8YYY DE 1ZZZ KN
- D8YYY 8YYY 8YYY DE BH1ZZZ PSE K
The way for amateur station BH1ZZZ to call BH8YYY in CW or other text mode is:
- ABH8YYY BH8YYY BH8YYY DE BH1ZZZ BH1ZZZ BH1ZZZ PSE K
- BBH8YYY BH8YYY BH8YYY DE 1ZZZ K
- CBH8YYY BH8YYY BH8YYY DE 1ZZZ KN
- D8YYY 8YYY 8YYY DE BH1ZZZ PSE K
Calling a specific station: repeat the target call sign three times, “DE”, your own full call sign three times, then “PSE K” (A). Abbreviating your call to “1ZZZ” (B, C) drops the prefix and is incorrect; sending only “8YYY” (D) omits the district prefix of the target — both are improper.
US–China difference: Calling a specific station with full callsigns ×3 is standard worldwide, including the US.
Common pitfall: Truncating your own call sign (e.g., “1ZZZ”) when calling — always send the full call.
Real on-air practice: “BH8YYY BH8YYY BH8YYY DE BH1ZZZ BH1ZZZ BH1ZZZ K” answers a specific station.
建立CW联络后，小明给对方”579″的信号报告。他可以发：
- A“UR RST 579″或”UR 579”
- BTKS FER RPT 579
- CRMKS IS 579
- DIS 579 OK FER U？
After establishing a CW contact, Xiaoming gives the other station an RST report of “579”. He can send:
- A“UR RST 579” or “UR 579”
- BTKS FER RPT 579
- CRMKS IS 579
- DIS 579 OK FER U?
To send an RST report you say “UR RST 579” or simply “UR 579” (A). B (“thanks for report 579”) is a reply to receiving a report, not giving one; C (“remarks is 579”) and D (“is 579 ok for you?”) are not standard report phrasing.
US–China difference: “UR RST 599” is the same RST convention used by US hams.
Common pitfall: Sending “TKS FER RPT” when you mean to give a report — that phrase acknowledges a report you received.
Real on-air practice: After the call, “UR RST 579” tells the other op your signal is readable, weak, with good tone.
在CW联络中收到对方给出的信号报告后，我们通常会回应收妥并致谢，可以发送：
- A“R TKS FER RPT”或者”R TKS FER RPRT”
- BTKS FER UR RIG RPT
- CTNX FER UR RMKS OF 579
- D579 IS AN RST MSG
In a CW contact, after receiving the other station’s signal report, we usually acknowledge receipt and thank them; we can send:
- A“R TKS FER RPT” or “R TKS FER RPRT”
- BTKS FER UR RIG RPT
- CTNX FER UR RMKS OF 579
- D579 IS AN RST MSG
“R” = received/acknowledged; “TKS FER RPT/RPRT” = thanks for the report — the standard acknowledgement after getting a report (A). B thanks for “your rig report” (odd), C references “remarks”, D is not idiomatic CW.
US–China difference: “R TKS FER RPRT” is standard CW in the US as well.
Common pitfall: Over-complicating the ack; a simple “R TKS FER RPT” suffices.
Real on-air practice: After “UR 599”, reply “R TKS FER RPT” and move on to name/rig.
在CW日常通联中，我们会感谢对方积极参与了联络，可以发送：
- ATNX FER NICE QSO ES HPE CU AGN 73 TU
- BTNX FER NICE RPRT ES HPE CU AGN 73 TU
- CTNX FER QSL INFO ES HPE CU AGN 73 TU
- DTNX FER WX INFO ES HPE CU AGN 73 TU
In everyday CW contacts, we thank the other party for the nice contact; we can send:
- ATNX FER NICE QSO ES HPE CU AGN 73 TU
- BTNX FER NICE RPRT ES HPE CU AGN 73 TU
- CTNX FER QSL INFO ES HPE CU AGN 73 TU
- DTNX FER WX INFO ES HPE CU AGN 73 TU
“TNX FER NICE QSO ES HPE CU AGN 73 TU” = “thanks for the nice contact, and hope to see you again, 73 (best regards), thanks” — the standard closing for a pleasant QSO (A). B thanks for “nice report”, C for “QSL info”, D for “weather info” — not the general “nice contact” thanks.
US–China difference: “TNX FER NICE QSO… 73” is the universal CW sign-off in the US too.
Common pitfall: Using RPRT/QSL/WX where the plain “QSO” (contact) is meant.
Real on-air practice: End a chat with “TNX FER NICE QSO ES HPE CU AGN 73 TU”.
在CW竞赛或DX通联中，我们会感谢对方积极参与了联络。我们可以发：
- ATU
- BFB
- CNICE
- DFINE
In CW contests or DX contacts, we thank the other party for the contact. We can send:
- ATU
- BFB
- CNICE
- DFINE
In fast contest/DX CW the brief thanks is “TU” (= thank you) (A). “FB” = fine business (good), “NICE”/”FINE” are not the standard acknowledgment token in this high-speed context.
US–China difference: US contesters also exchange “TU” at the end of each contact.
Common pitfall: Sending a long “TNX FER NICE QSO” in a contest where only “TU” is expected.
Real on-air practice: Contest exchange: “…599 014 TU” — “TU” closes the contact briskly.
CW通联时，小明拟介绍自己的名字。他可以发：
- ANAME XIAOMING
- BMODE XIAOMING
- CRIG XIAOMING
- DANT XIAOMING
During a CW contact, Xiaoming wants to introduce his name. He can send:
- ANAME XIAOMING
- BMODE XIAOMING
- CRIG XIAOMING
- DANT XIAOMING
NAME is the CW abbreviation for “name”, so “NAME XIAOMING” gives your name (A). MODE = mode, RIG = equipment, ANT = antenna — none introduces a person’s name.
US–China difference: “NAME” is the standard CW token for name in the US too.
Common pitfall: Using RIG/ANT when you mean to give your name.
Real on-air practice: After RST, send “NAME JOHN” to personalize the contact.
在CW通联中，缩语”OP”表示操作员的名字。小明向对方介绍自己的名字时可以发：
- AOP XIAOMING
- BB4 XIAOMING
- CNICE XIAOMING
- DDR XIAOMING
In CW contacts, the abbreviation “OP” means the operator’s name. When Xiaoming introduces his name to the other station he can send:
- AOP XIAOMING
- BB4 XIAOMING
- CNICE XIAOMING
- DDR XIAOMING
“OP” = operator, so “OP XIAOMING” gives the operator’s name (A). “B4” = before, “NICE” = nice, “DR” = dear (used before a name as a title) — none simply states your own name as OP does.
US–China difference: “OP” for operator is standard CW internationally, including the US.
Common pitfall: Confusing OP (operator) with DR (dear) when stating your name.
Real on-air practice: “OP MARY” tells the other station who is at the key.
在CW通联中，如果已知对方操作员的名字，或是对方已做自我介绍，则我们在称呼其名时可以冠以”尊敬的”。假设对方电台由Zork操作，我们可以发：
- ADR ZORK
- BHR ZORK
- CNR ZORK
- DUR ZORK
In a CW contact, if you know the other operator’s name (or they have introduced themselves), you may prefix it with “dear/esteemed” when addressing them. Suppose the other station is operated by Zork; you can send:
- ADR ZORK
- BHR ZORK
- CNR ZORK
- DUR ZORK
“DR” = dear (a courteous title), so “DR ZORK” addresses the operator respectfully (A). HR = here, NR = number, UR = your — none serves as the “dear” title.
US–China difference: “DR” as “dear” before a name is standard courteous CW worldwide.
Common pitfall: Using UR (your) thinking it means a title — it means “your”.
Real on-air practice: “DR ZORK TNX FER NICE QSO” sounds polite on CW.
在通联中，业余无线电爱好者经常使用诸如”接收机”、”发射机”、”收发信机”和”设备”等词汇来描述己方电台的装置情况。这些词汇的缩语可以是：
- ARCVR、RX、XMTR、TX、XCVR、TXRX、RIG
- BRPT、SASE、RPRT、WKD
- CCUZ、CS、HW
- DRST、SIGS
In contacts, amateurs often use words like “receiver”, “transmitter”, “transceiver”, and “equipment” to describe their station’s gear. The abbreviations for these can be:
- ARCVR, RX, XMTR, TX, XCVR, TXRX, RIG
- BRPT, SASE, RPRT, WKD
- CCUZ, CS, HW
- DRST, SIGS
Receiver = RCVR/RX, transmitter = XMTR/TX, transceiver = XCVR/TXRX, and “RIG” = the station/equipment (A). B (RPT=repeater, SASE, RPRT=report, WKD=worked), C and D (RST=report, SIGS=signals) are unrelated abbreviations.
US–China difference: RX/TX/XCVR/RIG are the same abbreviations US hams use on air and in logs.
Common pitfall: Mixing RIG (equipment) with RPT (repeater).
Real on-air practice: “RIG IS IC-7300” tells the other op your transceiver model.
在CW通联中，小明拟向对方介绍说自己的设备是X6200。他可以发：
- ARIG X6200
- BREG WID X6200
- CEQP OF X6200
- DOP X6200
In a CW contact, Xiaoming wants to tell the other station his equipment is an X6200. He can send:
- ARIG X6200
- BREG WID X6200
- CEQP OF X6200
- DOP X6200
“RIG” means the station/equipment, so “RIG X6200” states the transceiver model (A). REG WID = “regards with”; EQP OF is not standard; OP = operator (a person), not a device.
US–China difference: “RIG” for the radio is the same in US CW.
Common pitfall: Using OP (operator) for a radio model.
Real on-air practice: “RIG X6200 ANT DIPOLE” briefs your setup quickly.
业余无线电通信缩语”PWR”表示”功率”。询问对方电台的发射功率有多大可以发送：
- APWR？
- BPSE SEND ME UR PWR
- CPSE ACCEPT MY PWR
- DPWR OFF？
In amateur radio abbreviations, “PWR” means “power”. To ask the other station how much transmit power they are running, you can send:
- APWR?
- BPSE SEND ME UR PWR
- CPSE ACCEPT MY PWR
- DPWR OFF?
The concise way to ask another station’s power is “PWR?” (A). B is wordy and non-idiomatic, C is a non-sequitur (“accept my power”), D asks whether power is off — not the question.
US–China difference: “PWR?” is the same short query US hams use.
Common pitfall: Over-explaining with “PSE SEND ME UR PWR” when “PWR?” suffices.
Real on-air practice: “RIG IC-7300 PWR 100W” — you might ask “PWR?” to log their output.
业余无线电通信缩语“ABT”具有“关于、大约”之意。如在通联中需要向对方介绍“我台的发射功率约为10瓦”，我们可以发：
- APWR ABT 10 W
- BI AM ABT 10 WATTS
- CRIG ABT 10 W
- DANT ABT 10 WATTS
The amateur-radio abbreviation “ABT” means “about” or “approximately”. If, during a contact, you want to tell the other station “my transmitter’s output power is about 10 W”, you would send:
- APWR ABT 10 W
- BI AM ABT 10 WATTS
- CRIG ABT 10 W
- DANT ABT 10 WATTS
Power is reported with the abbreviation PWR (for power), so “PWR ABT 10 W” correctly states “power about 10 W” (A). RIG means the rig/station equipment, not its power; ANT means antenna; and “I AM ABT 10 WATTS” is wordy free text, not the concise standard abbreviation form. Learning the standard Q-abbreviations (abbreviation) keeps on-air exchanges short.
US–China difference: Same abbreviations are used worldwide; US hams also use PWR, RIG, ANT in CW/text contacts.
Common pitfall: Mixing up the abbreviation for the quantity — PWR for power, RIG for the radio, ANT for the antenna.
Real on-air practice: In a CW contact you send “PWR 10 W” or “PWR ABT 10 W” to describe your output power.
业余无线电通信缩语“ANT”表示“天线”。如需向对方介绍自己使用了垂直接地天线，架高50米，我们可以发送：
- AANT GP 50 MH
- B50 MH ANT IS GP?
- CANT 50 MH? GP?
- D50 MH ANT IS MINE = U HAVE A GP
The amateur-radio abbreviation “ANT” means “antenna”. If you want to tell the other station that you are using a vertical grounded antenna erected at a height of 50 metres, you would send:
- AANT GP 50 MH
- B50 MH ANT IS GP?
- CANT 50 MH? GP?
- D50 MH ANT IS MINE = U HAVE A GP
A vertical grounded antenna is abbreviated GP (ground plane / vertical), and MH means metres high, so “ANT GP 50 MH” correctly conveys “antenna: vertical grounded, 50 m high” (A). The other options bury the key words in long free-text sentences with redundant or interrogative forms, not the concise standard phrasing.
US–China difference: GP, ANT, and MH are universal CW abbreviations in both countries.
Common pitfall: Using a clumsy full sentence instead of the compact ANT/GP/MH abbreviation sequence.
Real on-air practice: Hams often exchange antenna info as “ANT GP 50 MH” or “ANT VERT 50 M” during a CW chat.
进行CW或其他文字方式的通联时，我们有时会使用缩语“WX”来交换天气信息。如需分享晴天，大约25摄氏度的气温，我们可以发：
- AWX FINE ES TEMP ABT 25 C
- BWX ABT 25 C ES TEMP FINE
- CWX TEMP ES FINE ABT 25 C
- DTEMP WX ES 25 C ABT FINE
When operating in CW or other text modes, we sometimes use the abbreviation “WX” to exchange weather information. If you want to share that it is sunny with a temperature of about 25 degrees Celsius, you would send:
- AWX FINE ES TEMP ABT 25 C
- BWX ABT 25 C ES TEMP FINE
- CWX TEMP ES FINE ABT 25 C
- DTEMP WX ES 25 C ABT FINE
The standard structure is WX (weather) + condition + ES (and) + TEMP (temperature) + ABT 25 C, i.e. “WX FINE ES TEMP ABT 25 C” (A). ES is the abbreviation for “and”. The other options scramble the word order or attach ABT to the wrong element, producing non-standard phrasing.
US–China difference: WX, ES, TEMP, ABT, C (Celsius) are common to US and Chinese CW practice.
Common pitfall: Placing ABT with WX (“WX ABT 25 C”) or misusing ES; ABT modifies the temperature.
Real on-air practice: A typical weather exchange reads “WX FINE ES TEMP 20 C” — sunny, 20 °C.
进行CW联络，如需了解对方的抄收情况，除了“QSL ?”之外，我们还可以问：
- AHW？
- BCW？
- CNR？
- DHPI？
During a CW contact, if you want to know how well the other station is copying your signal, besides “QSL ?”, you can also ask:
- AHW？
- BCW？
- CNR？
- DHPI？
HW? is the abbreviation (abbreviation) for “how copy?” / “how do you copy?” — i.e., how well are you receiving me (A). QSL? asks “do you confirm receipt?”. CW? is not a standard query, NR? means “number?”, and HPI? is not a recognized copy-check abbreviation.
US–China difference: HW? and QSL? are used identically by US hams in CW.
Common pitfall: Confusing HW? (how copy) with QSL? (did you confirm receipt) or inventing CW?.
Real on-air practice: After sending your call you may send “HW?” to ask the other station how they are copying you.
进行CW通联，如果对方完美抄收了我们发出的消息，他们会在回复时用缩语“R”或Q简语“QSL”告知。但是，对方有时会用“CPI”替代“R”或“QSL”。这是因为：
- A这里的“CPI”对应英语“copied”，也是“抄收”之意。这可以用来减少用词重复
- B这里的“CPI对应英语“code perfectly interpreted”，表示消息完美抄收了
- C这里的“CPI”对应英语“code printed immediately”，表示消息打印出来了
- D那是谦辞：Cool，pretty interesting。那表示我们双方沟通顺畅
In a CW contact, if the other station copies your message perfectly, they will tell you in their reply using the abbreviation “R” or the Q-code “QSL”. However, they sometimes use “CPI” instead of “R” or “QSL”. This is because:
- AHere “CPI” corresponds to the English “copied”, also meaning “received/copied”. It can be used to reduce word repetition.
- BHere “CPI” corresponds to the English “code perfectly interpreted”, meaning the message was perfectly copied.
- CHere “CPI” corresponds to the English “code printed immediately”, meaning the message was printed out.
- DThat is a modest expression: “Cool, pretty interesting”. It means our communication is going smoothly.
CPI is simply slang derived from “copied” — another way to say the message was received, used to vary wording and avoid repeating R/QSL (A). The expansions in B (“code perfectly interpreted”), C (“code printed immediately”), and D (“Cool, pretty interesting”) are fabricated and not the real meaning.
US–China difference: “CPI” / “copy” slang appears in US CW as well; it is informal but widely understood.
Common pitfall: Over-thinking CPI as a formal Q-code or technical term; it is just “copied”.
Real on-air practice: After a long message a station may answer “CPI” meaning “I copied all of that”.
通联时，如需了解自己的信号是否遇到了他台干扰，可使用短句：
- AQRM？
- BQSM？
- CQSN？
- DQSD？
During a contact, if you want to find out whether your signal is experiencing interference from other stations, you can use the short phrase:
- AQRM？
- BQSM？
- CQSN？
- DQSD？
QRM? is the Q-code asking “are you being interfered with by other stations?” — i.e., are you suffering man-made interference (A). QSN? asks “did you hear me on …?”; QSD? asks about keying defects (“is my keying defective?”); QSM? means “shall I repeat the last message?”.
US–China difference: QRM/QRN and these Q-codes are identical in US and Chinese practice.
Common pitfall: Confusing QRM (man-made interference) with QRN (natural/atmospheric interference).
Real on-air practice: You send “QRM?” to ask the other station if they are being bothered by other stations.
在通联中，如需告诉对方其信号遇到了他台干扰，我们可以发：
- AQRM
- BQRN
- CQRS
- DQRP
During a contact, if you want to tell the other station that its signal is experiencing interference from other stations, you can send:
- AQRM
- BQRN
- CQRS
- DQRP
Without the question mark, QRM states “you are being interfered with by other stations” — i.e., your signal is suffering man-made interference (A). QRN would mean natural/atmospheric interference; QRS means “please send more slowly”; QRP means “please reduce power”.
US–China difference: Identical Q-code usage in the US.
Common pitfall: Sending QRN when the interference is from another ham (man-made), or vice versa.
Real on-air practice: You tell a station “QRM” when a nearby strong carrier is covering their signal.
通联时，如需了解自己的信号是否遭遇了天电干扰，可使用短句：
- AQRN？
- BQRM？
- CQRP？
- DQRQ？
During a contact, if you want to find out whether your signal is experiencing atmospheric (static) interference, you can use the short phrase:
- AQRN？
- BQRM？
- CQRP？
- DQRQ？
QRN? asks “are you troubled by static (atmospheric interference)?” — natural/interference from lightning and nature (A). QRM? is man-made interference; QRP? asks to reduce power; QRQ? asks to send faster.
US–China difference: Same Q-code meanings on both sides of the Pacific.
Common pitfall: Confusing QRN (static/atmospheric) with QRM (man-made).
Real on-air practice: During a summer storm you may ask “QRN?” because lightning crashes are covering the band.
在通联中，如需告诉对方其信号遇到了天电干扰，我们可以发：
- AQRN
- BQRM
- CQRP
- DQRQ
During a contact, if you want to tell the other station that its signal is experiencing atmospheric (static) interference, you can send:
- AQRN
- BQRM
- CQRP
- DQRQ
As a statement, QRN means “you are being troubled by static (atmospheric interference)” (A). QRM would be man-made interference; QRP means “reduce power”; QRQ means “send faster”.
US–China difference: Identical usage in the US.
Common pitfall: Using QRM for natural static, or QRN for man-made interference.
Real on-air practice: You send “QRN” to tell a station their signal is buried in atmospheric noise.
CW联络时，对方有时会发来符号“滴答滴滴滴”。这像是将“AS”连发在了一起，而我们抄写时会在“AS”上面加个横线。该符号的含义是：
- A请稍等
- B亚洲
- C英语“因为”的意思，因为紧随其后就是对方针对提问的回复了
- D先进信号
During a CW contact, the other station sometimes sends the symbol “di-dah di-di-dit”. It looks like “AS” sent together, and when we copy it we put a bar over the “AS”. The meaning of this symbol is:
- Aplease wait a moment
- BAsia
- Cthe English meaning of “because”, because what follows immediately is the other station’s reply to the question
- Dadvanced signal
The prosign “AS” (·/— ··· or di-dah di-di-dit) means “wait” / “please stand by” (A). It is a procedural sign, not a word. B (“Asia”) is a different word; C and D are invented meanings.
US–China difference: The prosign AS is used identically by US hams to mean “wait”.
Common pitfall: Reading AS as the word “as”/”because” rather than the procedural “wait”.
Real on-air practice: A station sends “AS” when it needs a moment to look something up before continuing.
通联时，如收到对方发送的短句“PSE QSL VIA BURO”，则其中的“QSL”意指：
- AQSL卡片
- B对消息“VIA BURO”是否收妥进行确认
- C通过预定的局间交换机制给收据，进行异步ACK作业
- D随意给个确认，口头的、QSL卡片或email都可以的
During a contact, if you receive the short phrase “PSE QSL VIA BURO” sent by the other station, then the “QSL” in it means:
- Aa QSL card
- Bto confirm whether the message “VIA BURO” was received
- Cto issue a receipt through the predetermined inter-bureau exchange mechanism, performing asynchronous ACK operation
- Djust give a casual confirmation — oral, QSL card, or email are all fine
“PSE QSL VIA BURO” means “please send me a QSL card through the bureau” — here QSL refers to the QSL card (A), and BURO is the QSL bureau. It is a request for a paper card via the bureau system, not an acknowledgment of the BURO message itself nor a vague confirmation.
US–China difference: US hams use the same “QSL VIA BURO” request for card exchange through ARRL/other bureaus.
Common pitfall: Over-interpreting QSL as a technical ACK; in this context it plainly means a QSL card.
Real on-air practice: After a contact you may hear “PSE QSL VIA BURO” — the other station wants a card via the bureau.
业余无线电爱好者在结束当前联络并互致再见时经常使用缩语：
- ACU、CU AGN或GB
- BGM、GA、GE、GN或GX
- CTU、TKS、TNX或MNI TKS
- DThank you, and good luck
When ending the current contact and bidding each other farewell, amateur radio operators often use the abbreviations:
- ACU, CU AGN, or GB
- BGM, GA, GE, GN, or GX
- CTU, TKS, TNX, or MNI TKS
- DThank you, and good luck
CU = “see you”, CU AGN = “see you again”, GB = “goodbye” — all farewell abbreviations (A). B (GM/GA/GE/GN/GX) are time-of-day greetings (good morning/afternoon/evening/night); C (TU/TKS/TNX) are thanks; D is a free-text phrase, not the standard sign-off set.
US–China difference: CU, CU AGN, GB, and the GM/GA/GE greetings are universal CW abbreviations.
Common pitfall: Confusing farewell abbreviations (CU/GB) with greeting (GM/GA) or thanks (TU/TNX) abbreviations.
Real on-air practice: A typical sign-off is “…73, CU AGN, GB” before the SK prosign.
在结束CW会话之时，我们时常听到对方发来符号“滴滴滴答滴答”。这像是将“SK”连发在了一起，而我们抄写时会在“SK”上面加个横线。该符号的意思是：
- A结束当前联络
- B心情愉快
- C感谢
- D下次再见
When ending a CW session, we often hear the other station send the symbol “di-di-di dah-di-dah”. It looks like “SK” sent together, and when we copy it we put a bar over the “SK”. The meaning of this symbol is:
- Aend the current contact
- Bin a happy mood
- Cthanks
- Dsee you next time
The prosign “SK” (···—· / di-di-di dah-di-dah) means “end of contact” / “silent key” — it closes the QSO (A). It is a procedural sign distinct from the farewell abbreviations, not “happy”, “thanks”, or “see you next time”.
US–China difference: SK is the universal CW end-of-contact prosign in the US too.
Common pitfall: Confusing SK (end of contact) with the abbreviation “TNX/TU” (thanks) or “CU” (see you).
Real on-air practice: A station ends with “…73 SK” and then goes silent.
💬 Have questions about this topic, or FCC / CRAC exam preparation?
对本篇内容或 FCC / CRAC 备考有疑问？
本手册仅供业余无线电爱好者学习交流，题库原题版权归 CRAC（中国无线电协会业余无线电分会）所有，英文翻译由 BG7BAG 编译，转载请注明出处。
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