E4D|Receiver performance characteristics: dynamic range; intermodulation and cross-modulation interference; third-order intercept; desensitization; preselector; sensitivity; link margin
E4D01
EN
What is meant by the blocking dynamic range of a receiver?
A. The difference in dB between the noise floor and the level of an incoming signal that will cause 1 dB of gain compression ✓
B. The minimum difference in dB between the levels of two FM signals that will cause one signal to block the other
C. The difference in dB between the noise floor and the third-order intercept point
D. The minimum difference in dB between two signals which produce third-order intermodulation products greater than the noise floor
中文
接收机的阻塞动态范围(blocking dynamic range)是指什么?
A. 噪声底与导致 1 dB 增益压缩的输入信号电平之差(dB) ✓
B. 导致一个 FM 信号阻塞另一个的两信号最小电平差(dB)
C. 噪声底与三阶截获点之差(dB)
D. 产生高于噪声底的三阶互调产物的两信号最小电平差(dB)
【知识点解析】 阻塞动态范围 = 噪声底到 1 dB 增益压缩点(强信号使灵敏度下降)的电平差。
【考试提示】 – 实际应用:动态范围越大,抗强台越好。
– 易错点:定义是「噪声底—1dB压缩点」。
– 易错点:定义是「噪声底—1dB压缩点」。
E4D02
EN
Which of the following describes problems caused by poor dynamic range in a receiver?
A. Spurious signals caused by cross modulation and desensitization from strong adjacent signals ✓
B. Oscillator instability requiring frequent retuning and loss of ability to recover the opposite sideband
C. Poor weak signal reception caused by insufficient local oscillator injection
D. Oscillator instability and severe audio distortion of all but the strongest received signals
中文
接收机动态范围差会导致什么问题?
A. 强邻信号引起的交叉调制与灵敏度降低,产生杂散信号 ✓
B. 振荡器不稳需频繁重调,且无法恢复对边带
C. 本振注入不足导致的弱信号接收差
D. 振荡器不稳,除最强信号外所有信号严重音频失真
【知识点解析】 动态范围差→强信号致交叉调制、灵敏度降低(阻塞)、杂散,弱信号被「压住」。
【考试提示】 – 实际应用:弱信号被强台掩盖即此因。
– 易错点:表现是交叉调制/阻塞,不是振荡不稳。
– 易错点:表现是交叉调制/阻塞,不是振荡不稳。
E4D03
EN
What creates intermodulation interference between two repeaters in close proximity?
A. The output signals cause feedback in the final amplifier of one or both transmitters
B. The output signals mix in the final amplifier of one or both transmitters ✓
C. The input frequencies are harmonically related
D. The output frequencies are harmonically related
中文
邻近两台中继台之间产生互调干扰的原因是什么?
A. 输出信号在 one 或 two 发射机末级产生反馈
B. 输出信号在 one 或 two 发射机末级混合 ✓
C. 输入频率成谐波关系
D. 输出频率成谐波关系
【知识点解析】 相邻中继台互调因双方发射机末级非线性混合对方信号,产生新频率干扰。
【考试提示】 – 实际应用:中继台互调经典问题,用腔体滤波器/空间隔离。
– 易错点:源于末级非线性混合,非谐波关系。
– 易错点:源于末级非线性混合,非谐波关系。
E4D04
EN
Which of the following is used to reduce or eliminate intermodulation interference in a repeater caused by a nearby transmitter?
A. A band-pass filter in the feed line between the transmitter and receiver
B. A properly terminated circulator at the output of the repeater’s transmitter ✓
C. Utilizing a Class C final amplifier
D. Utilizing a Class D final amplifier
中文
以下哪项用于减少或消除邻近发射机造成的中继台互调干扰?
A. 发射机与接收机之间馈线中的带通滤波器
B. 中继台发射机输出端良好端接的环行器 ✓
C. 采用 C 类末级放大器
D. 采用 D 类末级放大器
【知识点解析】 正确端接的环行器隔离发射机输出与接收机输入,减少互调反馈路径。
【考试提示】 – 实际应用:中继台用环行器 + 腔体滤波器。
– 易错点:环行器靠隔离,不是靠功放类别。
– 易错点:环行器靠隔离,不是靠功放类别。
E4D06
EN
What is the term for the reduction in receiver sensitivity caused by a strong signal near the received frequency?
A. Reciprocal mixing
B. Quieting
C. Desensitization ✓
D. Cross modulation interference
中文
强信号靠近接收频率导致接收灵敏度下降,称为什么?
A. 倒易混频
B. 静噪(quieting)
C. 灵敏度降低(减敏,desensitization) ✓
D. 交叉调制干扰
【知识点解析】 强邻信号使接收机前端增益压缩、灵敏度下降,称 desensitization(阻塞/减敏),与 E4D02 关联。
【考试提示】 – 实际应用:强台附近收弱信号变差即减敏。
– 易错点:减敏不同于交叉调制。
– 易错点:减敏不同于交叉调制。
E4D07
EN
Which of the following reduces the likelihood of receiver desensitization?
A. Insert attenuation before the first RF stage ✓
B. Raise the receiver’s IF frequency
C. Increase the receiver’s front-end gain
D. Switch from fast AGC to slow AGC
中文
以下哪项可降低接收机减敏(灵敏度降低)的可能性?
A. 在第一射频级之前插入衰减 ✓
B. 提高接收机中频频率
C. 增加接收机前端增益
D. 从快 AGC 切换到慢 AGC
【知识点解析】 前端前加衰减降低强信号电平,减轻增益压缩(减敏)。
【考试提示】 – 实际应用:强台附近加衰减(与 E4C11 一致)。
– 易错点:增前端增益会加剧减敏。
– 易错点:增前端增益会加剧减敏。
E4D08
EN
What causes intermodulation in an electronic circuit?
A. Negative feedback
B. Lack of neutralization
C. Nonlinear circuits or devices ✓
D. Positive feedback
中文
电子电路中什么会产生互调?
A. 负反馈
B. 缺少中和
C. 非线性电路或器件 ✓
D. 正反馈
【知识点解析】 互调由非线性(器件转移特性非直线)产生,线性区工作可减互调。
【考试提示】 – 实际应用:避免接近饱和/压缩区。
– 易错点:根源是非线性,不是反馈极性。
– 易错点:根源是非线性,不是反馈极性。
E4D09
EN
What is the purpose of the preselector in a communications receiver?
A. To store frequencies that are often used
B. To provide broadband attenuation before the first RF stage to prevent intermodulation
C. To increase the rejection of signals outside the band being received ✓
D. To allow selection of the optimum RF amplifier device
中文
通信接收机中预选器(preselector)的作用是什么?
A. 存储常用频率
B. 在第一射频级前提供宽带衰减以防互调
C. 增强对带外接收信号的抑制 ✓
D. 允许选择最佳射频放大器器件
【知识点解析】 预选器(调谐带通)增强对带外信号的抑制,防过载/互调(与 E4C02 前端滤波器同义)。
【考试提示】 – 实际应用:接收机前端加调谐带通。
– 易错点:预选器是选频滤波,不是存频。
– 易错点:预选器是选频滤波,不是存频。
E4D10
EN
What does a third-order intercept level of 40 dBm mean with respect to receiver performance?
A. Signals less than 40 dBm will not generate audible third-order intermodulation products
B. The receiver can tolerate signals up to 40 dB above the noise floor without producing third-order intermodulation products
C. A pair of 40 dBm input signals will theoretically generate a third-order intermodulation product that has the same output amplitude as either of the input signals ✓
D. A pair of 1 mW input signals will produce a third-order intermodulation product that is 40 dB stronger than the input signal
中文
接收机三阶截获点(IP3)为 40 dBm 是何含义?
A. 低于 40 dBm 的信号不会产生可闻三阶互调产物
B. 接收机可容忍高于噪声底 40 dB 的信号而不产生三阶互调
C. 一对 40 dBm 的输入信号理论上会产生与任一输入信号输出幅度相等的三阶互调产物 ✓
D. 一对 1 mW 输入信号将产生比输入强 40 dB 的三阶互调产物
【知识点解析】 IP3 = 40 dBm 表示当两输入信号均为 40 dBm 时,其三阶互调产物输出幅度理论上等于任一个输入信号(截获点定义);IP3 越高动态范围越好。
【考试提示】 – 实际应用:IP3 是动态范围核心指标。
– 易错点:截获点是「产物=输入」的理论交点。
– 易错点:截获点是「产物=输入」的理论交点。
E4D11
EN
Why are odd-order intermodulation products, created within a receiver, of particular interest compared to other products?
A. Odd-order products of two signals in the band being received are also likely to be within the band ✓
B. Odd-order products are more likely to overload the IF filters
C. Odd-order products are an indication of poor image rejection
D. Odd-order intermodulation produces three products for every input signal within the band of interest
中文
相比其他产物,接收机内部产生的奇阶互调产物为何特别受关注?
A. 接收带内两信号的奇阶产物也很可能落在带内 ✓
B. 奇阶产物更易使中频滤波器过载
C. 奇阶产物是镜像抑制差的标志
D. 奇阶互调对每个带内输入信号产生三个产物
【知识点解析】 奇阶(尤其三阶)互调产物频率常落在接收带内,故最受关注、最有害。
【考试提示】 – 实际应用:三阶互调落在带内最需防范。
– 易错点:关注点是「落在带内」。
– 易错点:关注点是「落在带内」。
E4D12
EN
What is the link margin in a system with a transmit power level of 10 W (+40 dBm), a system antenna gain of 10 dBi, a cable loss of 3 dB, a path loss of 136 dB, a receiver minimum discernable signal of -103 dBm, and a required signal-to-noise ratio of 6 dB?
A. -8dB
B. -14dB
C. +8dB ✓
D. +14dB
中文
某系统发射功率 10 W(+40 dBm)、系统天线增益 10 dBi、电缆损耗 3 dB、路径损耗 136 dB、接收机最小可辨信号 -103 dBm、所需信噪比 6 dB,链路余量是多少?
A. -8 dB
B. -14 dB
C. +8 dB ✓
D. +14 dB
【知识点解析】 接收电平 = +40+10−3−136 = −89 dBm;所需信号 = MDS + SNR = −103+6 = −97 dBm;余量 = −89 − (−97) = +8 dB。
【考试提示】 – 实际应用:余量为正即可通信。
– 易错点:余量 = 接收电平 − 所需信号电平。
– 易错点:余量 = 接收电平 − 所需信号电平。
E4D13
EN
What is the received signal level with a transmit power of 10 W (+40 dBm), a transmit antenna gain of 6 dBi, a receive antenna gain of 3 dBi, and a path loss of 100 dB?
A. -51 dBm ✓
B. -54 dBm
C. -57 dBm
D. -60 dBm
中文
发射功率 10 W(+40 dBm)、发射天线增益 6 dBi、接收天线增益 3 dBi、路径损耗 100 dB 时,接收信号电平是多少?
A. -51 dBm ✓
B. -54 dBm
C. -57 dBm
D. -60 dBm
【知识点解析】 接收电平 = 发射功率 + 发射增益 + 接收增益 − 路径损耗 = +40+6+3−100 = −51 dBm(链路预算基础)。
【考试提示】 – 实际应用:链路预算核心式。
– 易错点:增益相加、路径损耗相减。
– 易错点:增益相加、路径损耗相减。
E4D14
EN
What power level does a receiver minimum discernible signal of -100 dBm represent?
A. 100 microwatts
B. 0.1 microwatt
C. 0.001 microwatts
D. 0.1 picowatts ✓
中文
接收机最小可辨信号 -100 dBm 代表多大功率?
A. 100 微瓦
B. 0.1 微瓦
C. 0.001 微瓦
D. 0.1 皮瓦(pW) ✓
【知识点解析】 -100 dBm = 10^(−10) mW = 10^(−13) W = 0.1 pW(1 pW = 10^(−12) W)。
【考试提示】 – 实际应用:dBm 与瓦换算基准(0 dBm=1 mW)。
– 易错点:−100 dBm = 10^(−13) W = 0.1 pW。
– 易错点:−100 dBm = 10^(−13) W = 0.1 pW。