China Civil UAV Theory Questions — Questions 213–222

Sensors, cameras and special mission equipment are all UAV payloads, and this falls under payload planning within task allocation.

The stem is about communications, which falls under communications planning within task allocation.

Comparing track planning and route planning: route planning is a component of track planning. Track planning: on the basis of target allocation, formulate the flight track according to environmental changes, UAV airspeed, flight altitude range, fuel quantity and equipment performance, and apply for communications support and meteorological support. Route planning: content includes position information for the departure point, waypoints and destination, flight altitude and speed, and required arrival time windows.

Formulating the optimal path for an assigned mission is pre-flight planning; adjusting the path in response to unexpected situations is in-flight replanning.

Formulating the optimal path for an assigned mission is pre-flight planning; adjusting the path in response to unexpected situations is in-flight replanning.

Site annotation and warning annotation are both subtypes of graphic-element annotation. The stem does not clearly point to one specific subtype, so the broadest concept is the better choice.

The stem explicitly says 'during flight,' ruling out A and B. Choose C. Real-time planning responds to sudden changes, emphasizing 'fast.' Term definitions: ① Preplanning: preplanning is formulated by the ground control station before the UAV executes its mission, mainly integrating mission requirements, geographic environment, UAV mission payload and other factors. Its constraints and flight environment are given, and its main purpose is to seek a globally optimal flight track by selecting a suitable algorithm. (Before the mission: integrate all factors, seek the optimum.) ② Real-time planning: real-time planning is formulated during UAV flight, based on actual flight conditions and environmental changes, producing a flyable track, including modifications to the preplanned route and selection of emergency options. Its constraints and flight environment change in real time. The mission planning system must comprehensively consider threats, range, constraints and other conditions, and use a fast track planning algorithm to generate a safe flight track for the aircraft. The mission planning system needs strong information processing capability and a certain auxiliary decision-making ability. (During flight: adapt as situations arise — not seeking the optimum, but seeking the fastest.) ③ Track planning: UAV track planning is the core content of mission planning. It requires comprehensive application of navigation technology, geographic information technology and remote sensing technology to obtain complete, detailed information on the UAV's current flight status and environment, combined with the UAV's own technical characteristics, and following a track planning method, to formulate an optimal or suboptimal route.

The stem explicitly says 'before executing the mission,' ruling out A and C. Choose B. Term definitions: ① Preplanning: preplanning is formulated by the ground control station before the UAV executes its mission, mainly integrating mission requirements, geographic environment, UAV mission payload and other factors. Its constraints and flight environment are given, and its main purpose is to seek a globally optimal flight track by selecting a suitable algorithm. (Before the mission: integrate all factors, seek the optimum.) ② Real-time planning: real-time planning is formulated during UAV flight, based on actual flight conditions and environmental changes, producing a flyable track, including modifications to the preplanned route and selection of emergency options. Its constraints and flight environment change in real time. The mission planning system must comprehensively consider threats, range, constraints and other conditions, and use a fast track planning algorithm to generate a safe flight track for the aircraft. The mission planning system needs strong information processing capability and a certain auxiliary decision-making ability. (During flight: adapt as situations arise — not seeking the optimum, but seeking the fastest.) ③ Track planning: UAV track planning is the core content of mission planning. It requires comprehensive application of navigation technology, geographic information technology and remote sensing technology to obtain complete, detailed information on the UAV's current flight status and environment, combined with the UAV's own technical characteristics, and following a track planning method, to formulate an optimal or suboptimal route.

When an aircraft makes an emergency forced landing, it cannot be counted as a safe return or a safe landing, so options A and C are not accurate.

Study note: the stem mentions 'mission area,' which points to mission area annotation. This question tests the basic concept of mission annotation. ① Site annotation: mainly includes takeoff site annotation, landing site annotation, and emergency site annotation, providing the operator with area references for launch, recovery and emergency forced landing. ② Warning annotation: mainly used for annotating key targets in the flight area, such as buildings, no-fly zones, densely populated areas and other areas that may affect flight safety. ③ Mission area annotation: the UAV reconnaissance and surveillance area shall be annotated in advance, mainly including the mission area scope, reconnaissance and surveillance objects, etc.