CRAC Bilingual Manual › Part: General Operating Rules and Practices
CRAC Bilingual Exam Manual (Class A / B / C) | 中国业余无线电台操作技术能力验证英中对照手册
This section covers Q Codes and Abbreviations with 82 bilingual questions from the CRAC 2025 question bank. Each question shows the original Chinese (left) and the English translation (right). The correct answer is highlighted in green, followed by a Knowledge Point Analysis and Candidate Tips covering US–China differences, common pitfalls, and real on-air practice.
Class badges ABC indicate which license-class syllabus includes each question. Class A is the entry level, Class B adds HF privileges, and Class C is the advanced level.
QRP操作时如果对方反映信号不好，我们可能会追问是否需要增加功率。此时可发送：
- AQRO？
- BQSO？
- CQRP？
- DQRS？
During QRP operation, if the other station reports your signal is weak, you might ask whether you should increase power. You can send:
- AQRO?
- BQSO?
- CQRP?
- DQRS?
QRO means “shall I increase power?” / “I am increasing power.” Asking whether to raise power uses QRO? (A). QSO = a contact; QRP = reduce power / low-power operation; QRS = send slower. So only A fits “increase power”.
US–China difference: Q-codes are identical worldwide, including in the US.
Common pitfall: Confusing QRO (power up) with QRP (power down).
Real on-air practice: “QRP here, QRO?” asks the other station if you should turn the wattage up.
通联时，如认为QRP操作足以保证可靠联络，则可与对方协商降低功率。短句为：
- AQRP？
- BMay I try QRO for you？
- CQRU？
- DMay I try QRT for you？
During a contact, if you believe QRP operation is enough to ensure reliable communication, you can negotiate with the other station to lower power. The phrase is:
- AQRP?
- B“May I try QRO for you?”
- CQRU?
- D“May I try QRT for you?”
QRP means “shall I reduce power?” / “I am reducing power.” Proposing to lower power uses QRP? (A). QRO = increase; QRU = I have nothing for you; QRT = I am closing down. So only A means “reduce power”.
US–China difference: Same Q-codes; US QRP operators often volunteer to drop power when copy is solid.
Common pitfall: Using QRO when you mean lower power.
Real on-air practice: “Good copy both ways, QRP?” suggests dropping to 5 W to save battery.
业余电台以低于5瓦的功率开展通信研究或追逐奖状时，常在呼号之后附加操作属性“QRP”。例如：BI9XYZ/QRP。Q简语“QRP”表示：
- A我已降低发射功率
- B我已降低发射功率至5W
- C我是新手，请发慢一些，照顾一下
- D我在挑战小功率通信极限，请高速发过来
When amateur stations conduct communication research or chase awards at power below 5 W, they often append the operating attribute “QRP” to the call sign, e.g., BI9XYZ/QRP. The Q-code “QRP” means:
- AI have reduced transmit power
- BI have reduced transmit power to 5 W
- CI am a newcomer, please send slower to accommodate me
- DI am challenging the low-power communication limit, please send at high speed
QRP means “I am reducing / have reduced transmitter power” (typically low-power operation, generally ≤5 W). Option A captures the meaning. B over-specifies “to 5 W” (QRP is the state of reduced power, not a fixed number); C (send slower) is QRS; D is a distortion.
US–China difference: QRP means the same in the US; “QRP” appended to a call signals low-power operation.
Common pitfall: Thinking QRP sets an exact 5 W figure, or confusing it with QRS (slower).
Real on-air practice: “BI9XYZ/QRP” tells you to listen carefully — the signal is weak by choice.
通联时，如果希望对方加快发报速度，我们可以发送：
- APSE QRQ
- BPSE QRS
- CPSE QRT
- DPSE QTR
During a contact, if you want the other station to increase its sending speed, you can send:
- APSE QRQ
- BPSE QRS
- CPSE QRT
- DPSE QTR
QRQ means “please send faster” (PSE = please). So “PSE QRQ” requests higher speed (A). QRS = send slower; QRT = closing down; QTR = time. Only A means faster.
US–China difference: Same Q-codes in the US; CW operators use QRQ/QRQ routinely.
Common pitfall: Swapping QRQ (faster) and QRS (slower).
Real on-air practice: “PSE QRQ” when you have a good decipher and want more QSOs per minute.
通联时，如果对方要求加快发报速度，我们可以通过反问来确认。此时可以发送：
- AQRQ？
- BQRS？
- CQRT？
- DQTR？
During a contact, if the other station asks you to increase sending speed, you can confirm by asking back. You can send:
- AQRQ?
- BQRS?
- CQRT?
- DQTR?
To confirm “shall I send faster?”, you echo the question as QRQ? (A). QRS? would ask “shall I send slower?”; QRT? “shall I close down?”; QTR? “what is the time?” — none confirm speeding up.
US–China difference: Identical Q-code usage in the US.
Common pitfall: Confirming with QRS? (slower) when asked to go faster.
Real on-air practice: “QRQ?” repeats the request to be sure before changing speed.
通联时，如果希望对方放慢发报速度，我们可以发送：
- APSE QRS
- BPSE QRQ
- CPSE QSY
- DPSE QSL
During a contact, if you want the other station to reduce its sending speed, you can send:
- APSE QRS
- BPSE QRQ
- CPSE QSY
- DPSE QSL
QRS means “please send more slowly”. So “PSE QRS” requests slower sending (A). QRQ = faster; QSY = change frequency; QSL = acknowledge/confirm. Only A means slower.
US–China difference: Same; US CW ops use “PSE QRS” when copying is tough.
Common pitfall: Confusing QRS (slower) with QRQ (faster).
Real on-air practice: “PSE QRS” when a fast rag-chew outpaces your decoding.
通联时，如果对方要求放慢发报速度，我们可以通过反问来确认。此时可以发送：
- AQRS？
- BQRQ？
- CQSY？
- DQSL？
During a contact, if the other station asks you to reduce sending speed, you can confirm by asking back. You can send:
- AQRS?
- BQRQ?
- CQSY?
- DQSL?
To confirm “shall I send slower?”, echo QRS? (A). QRQ? would ask faster; QSY? asks about changing frequency; QSL? asks for confirmation — none confirm slowing down.
US–China difference: Identical Q-code confirmation style.
Common pitfall: Confirming with QRQ? when asked to slow down.
Real on-air practice: “QRS?” double-checks the request before you ease the keyer down.
结束当天的通联活动时，业余电台常会发送Q简语“QRT”。其含义为：
- A我要关闭收发信机了，再见
- B我要变更发射频率至nnnn千赫（或兆赫）
- C我不再呼叫了，尚未联络的请用email约起来
- D我要变更操作方式了，有要联络的请尽快叫过来
When ending the day’s operating activity, an amateur station often sends the Q-code “QRT”. Its meaning is:
- AI am going to close down my transmitter/receiver; goodbye
- BI am going to change my transmit frequency to nnnn kHz (or MHz)
- CI will no longer call; those not yet contacted please arrange by email
- DI am going to change my mode of operation; those who want to contact me please call soon
QRT means “I am closing down / ceasing operation” — i.e., signing off the station (A). B is QSY (change frequency); C/D are not standard Q-code meanings. Only A is correct.
US–China difference: QRT is “I am shutting down” in the US too; often followed by “73”.
Common pitfall: Mixing QRT (close down) with QSY (change frequency).
Real on-air practice: “BH1ZZZ, thanks for the contact, QRT and 73, bye.”
在结束联络之前，我们可以询问对方是否还有消息要传达。此时可以发送：
- AQRU？
- BQRL？
- CQRB？
- DQRQ？
Before ending a contact, we may ask the other party whether there is any further message to convey. At this point we may send:
- AQRU?
- BQRL?
- CQRB?
- DQRQ?
QRU? is the Q-code meaning “Have you anything to send me? / I have no messages (nothing to send).” Asking before closing a contact whether the other party still has a message to convey is exactly the use of QRU?. QRL? asks whether the station is busy; QRB? asks about distance; QRQ? asks the other to send faster — none of these fit “do you have more to say.”
US–China difference: QRU is the same standard ITU Q-code used in the US; no difference.
Common pitfall: Confusing QRU (nothing to send / have you anything?) with QRL (are you busy?).
Real on-air practice: At the end of a CW QSO you might send “QRU?” to check if the other operator has anything else before signing 73.
结束联络时，我们可以告诉对方这里已无事。此时可以发送：
- AQRU
- BQRL
- CQRM
- DQRN
When ending a contact, we can tell the other party that there is nothing further here. At this point we may send:
- AQRU
- BQRL
- CQRM
- DQRN
QRU (statement form) means “I have no messages / nothing to send,” i.e., there is nothing further here. Telling the other station “nothing here” at the close of a contact is the canonical use of QRU. QRL means busy, QRM means interference (to me), and QRN means atmospheric noise — none convey “nothing to send.”
US–China difference: Same ITU Q-code meaning; no difference.
Common pitfall: Mixing up QRU with QRM/QRN (both are about interference/noise, not “nothing to send”).
Real on-air practice: After finishing business many hams send “QRU TU 73” — nothing more, thanks, best regards.
通联时，如希望相约对方参加某个业余无线电活动（如，”木兰围场-通联中国之省”），可使用短句：
- AQRV IN WAPC?
- BQSY TO WAPC?
- CQSO WID WAPC?
- DQRT OVER WAPC?
During a contact, if you wish to ask the other party to join in some amateur radio activity (e.g., “Mulan Weichang — Worked All Provinces of China”), you may use the phrase:
- AQRV IN WAPC?
- BQSY TO WAPC?
- CQSO WID WAPC?
- DQRT OVER WAPC?
QRV means “Are you ready? / I am ready (to receive or to operate).” The phrasing “QRV IN WAPC?” asks whether the other station is ready to participate in the WAPC (Worked All Provinces of China) activity. QSY means change frequency, QSO means a contact, and QRT means stop transmitting — none invite someone to join an activity.
US–China difference: US hams use QRV the same way; WAPC is a China-specific contest name but the Q-code is universal.
Common pitfall: Confusing QRV (ready / prepared to participate) with QSY (change frequency).
Real on-air practice: “QRV IN WAPC?” is how you might invite a station you are working to also try the provinces award.
Q简语”QRV”的含义是：
- A我准备好收信了
- B我正忙于（与某台）联络
- C我有消息要发给你
- D我要减小发射功率
The meaning of the Q-code “QRV” is:
- AI am ready to receive (to operate)
- BI am busy (in communication with a station)
- CI have a message to send you
- DI will reduce transmitter power
QRV means “Are you ready? / I am ready (to receive transmission or to operate).” Option A captures this. B is QRL (busy), C is closer to QRU (I have a message), and D is QRP (reduce power) — none is QRV.
US–China difference: Identical ITU meaning in the US.
Common pitfall: Swapping QRV (ready) with QRL (busy).
Real on-air practice: “QRV?” is often sent to ask if a station is ready to start a scheduled contact or net.
进行呼叫时，如果没有听清对方呼号，可使用如下短句请求对方重发：
- AQRZ？
- BQRU？
- CQSY？
- DQSA？
When making a call, if you did not hear the other station’s call sign clearly, you may use the following phrase to ask them to repeat it:
- AQRZ?
- BQRU?
- CQSY?
- DQSA?
QRZ? means “Who is calling me? / Who is calling?” When you hear a call but cannot copy the call sign, QRZ? is the standard request for the station to identify again. QRU? asks about messages, QSY? is about changing frequency, and QSA? asks about signal strength — none requests a repeat of the call sign.
US–China difference: Same standard usage in the US.
Common pitfall: Using QSY? (change frequency) when you meant to ask for a repeat of the call sign.
Real on-air practice: You hear “…CQ de …” but miss the suffix, so you send “QRZ?” and the station comes back with its full call sign.
Q简语”QRZ”的含义为：
- A呼叫你的电台是…；做疑问句时则为：谁在呼叫我？
- B我准备好了
- C我正忙于（与某台）联络
- D我要减小发射功率
The meaning of the Q-code “QRZ” is:
- AThe station calling you is …; as a question it means: Who is calling me?
- BI am ready
- CI am busy (in communication with a station)
- DI will reduce transmitter power
QRZ as a statement names the calling station (“the station calling you is …”); as a question it means “Who is calling me?” Option A is exact. B is QRV, C is QRL, and D is QRP — all different codes.
US–China difference: Identical ITU definition in the US.
Common pitfall: Reading QRZ as “I am ready” (that is QRV).
Real on-air practice: After answering a CQ you might send “QRZ?” if you caught only part of the caller’s call sign.
阅读我国早期业余无线电文献，我们可能发现一种用Q简语和5个强度等级来表示的信号报告。该Q简语是：
- AQSA
- BQSB
- CQSD
- DQSK
Reading early Chinese amateur radio literature, we may encounter a signal report expressed with a Q-code and five strength levels. That Q-code is:
- AQSA
- BQSB
- CQSD
- DQSK
QSA is the Q-code for signal strength, graded on a 1–5 scale (“What is the strength of my signals? / Your signals are strength …”). This is the historical five-level signal report. QSB is fading, QSD is keying defect, and QSK is break-in — none is a strength report.
US–China difference: Modern US practice uses the RST (Readability-Strength-Tone) report rather than the old QSA 1–5 scale, but QSA is the same ITU code.
Common pitfall: Confusing QSA (strength 1–5) with QSB (fading).
Real on-air practice: Old QSL cards and early logs sometimes show “QSA 4” instead of the modern RST strength digit.
通联时，如需了解自己的信号是否衰落，可使用短句：
- AQSB？
- BQSD？
- CQRB？
- DQSP？
During a contact, if you want to find out whether your signal is fading, you may use the phrase:
- AQSB?
- BQSD?
- CQRB?
- DQSP?
QSB? means “Is my signal fading? / Are my signals subject to fading?” Asking whether your own signal is weakening is exactly QSB?. QSD? is about keying defects, QRB? is about distance, and QSP? is about relaying — none asks about fading.
US–China difference: Same ITU Q-code in the US.
Common pitfall: Mixing QSB (fading) with QSD (keying defect).
Real on-air practice: On 40 m at night you might ask “QSB?” as propagation fades in and out.
Q简语”QSB”的含义为：
- A你的信号正在衰落
- B你的电台存在键控缺陷（交流声、键击声、接触不良或发报手法不佳等）
- C请重复上一条消息
- D发报时，我能够在电码的间隙中听到电台的插入
The meaning of the Q-code “QSB” is:
- AYour signal is fading
- BYour station has a keying defect (hum, key thump, poor contact, or poor sending technique, etc.)
- CPlease repeat the last message
- DWhile sending, I can hear a station breaking in during the spaces of my signal
QSB means “Your signals are fading / subject to fading.” Option A is correct. B is QSD (keying defect), C is QRJ/QR? (repeat), and D is QSK (break-in).
US–China difference: Identical ITU meaning.
Common pitfall: Confusing QSB (fading) with QSD (keying defect).
Real on-air practice: “UR SIG QSB” tells the other op their signal is fading in and out.
小强和小明练习CW。若小强问”我发报的手法有毛病吗？”，他可以发：
- AQSD？
- BQSB？
- CQSV？
- DQRM？
Xiaoqiang and Xiaoming are practicing CW. If Xiaoqiang asks “Do I have a fault in my sending technique?”, he can send:
- AQSD?
- BQSB?
- CQSV?
- DQRM?
QSD? means “Do you have a keying defect? / Is my keying bad?” Asking whether one’s sending technique (手法) is faulty is exactly QSD?. QSB? is fading, QSV? is “shall I send a series of V’s”, and QRM? is about interference — none asks about sending quality.
US–China difference: Same ITU Q-code used by US CW operators.
Common pitfall: Confusing QSD (keying/sending defect) with QSB (fading).
Real on-air practice: A trainee sending sloppy CW might ask “QSD?” to get feedback on their fist.
小强与小明练习CW。小明认为小强刚才发字母”Y”时手法不好。他可以拍发：
- AQSD AT Y
- BQRH AT Y
- CQSU AT Y
- DQSS AT Y
Xiaoqiang and Xiaoming are practicing CW. Xiaoming thinks Xiaoqiang’s technique was poor when sending the letter “Y”. He can key:
- AQSD AT Y
- BQRH AT Y
- CQSU AT Y
- DQSS AT Y
QSD means a keying/sending defect. “QSD AT Y” pinpoints that the defect occurred at the letter Y. QRH concerns frequency drift, QSU concerns the frequency to which a station should send, and QSS concerns the frequency in use — none flags a sending-technique fault.
US–China difference: Same ITU Q-code usage.
Common pitfall: Choosing QRH (frequency drift) when the issue is a sending defect.
Real on-air practice: An elmer might send “QSD AT Y” to coach a student who mangled that letter.
小强与小明练习CW。小明认为小强发报时有砰然的键击声。他可以拍发：
- AQSD PSE CK
- BQRI PSE CK
- CQRH PSE CK
- DTVI PSE CK
Xiaoqiang and Xiaoming are practicing CW. Xiaoming thinks Xiaoqiang’s sending has a thumping key-click sound. He can key:
- AQSD PSE CK
- BQRI PSE CK
- CQRH PSE CK
- DTVI PSE CK
A thumping key-click is a keying (sending) defect, which is described by QSD. “QSD PSE CK” therefore asks the sender to check their keying. QRI concerns tone quality (and is not the answer key here), QRH concerns frequency drift, and TVI (television interference) is a different problem unrelated to the sending defect described.
US–China difference: US CW ops also use QSD for keying defects; TVI is a US household term too.
Common pitfall: Picking TVI (television interference) — that is about RF getting into a TV, not a key-click in the CW itself.
Real on-air practice: “QSD PSE CK” prompts the other op to check their keyer/key for clicks and adjust.
Q简语”QSK”的含义为：
- A发报时，我能够在电码的间隙中听到电台的插入
- B你的信号正在衰落
- C你的电台存在键控缺陷（交流声、键击声、接触不良或发报手法不佳等）
- D请重复上一条消息
The meaning of the Q-code “QSK” is:
- AWhile sending, I can hear a station breaking in during the spaces of my signal
- BYour signal is fading
- CYour station has a keying defect (hum, key thump, poor contact, or poor sending technique, etc.)
- DPlease repeat the last message
QSK means “I can hear you between my signals / I am receiving while transmitting (break-in).” Option A describes this full break-in capability. B is QSB, C is QSD, and D is a repeat request — all different.
US–China difference: Identical ITU meaning; US transceivers often have a “QSK” (full break-in) mode.
Common pitfall: Confusing QSK (break-in) with QSB (fading) or QSD (keying defect).
Real on-air practice: With QSK enabled you hear a station calling you mid-sentence and can reply immediately.
通联时，如需对方电台确认收妥自己发出的消息，可使用短句：
- AQSL？
- BQRZ？
- CQSP？
- DQRO？
During a contact, if you need the other station to confirm that it received your message, you may use the phrase:
- AQSL?
- BQRZ?
- CQSP?
- DQRO?
QSL? means “Do you confirm receipt of my message? / Can you acknowledge?” Asking the other station to confirm receipt is exactly QSL?. QRZ? asks who is calling, QSP? asks about relaying, and QRO? asks about increasing power — none requests acknowledgment.
US–China difference: Same ITU Q-code in the US.
Common pitfall: Confusing QSL (acknowledge) with QSP (relay).
Real on-air practice: After sending traffic you send “QSL?” and the other op replies “QSL” to confirm the copy.
Q简语”QSL”的含义为：
- A我确认抄收了你所发送的消息
- B我要寄一张QSL卡片给你
- C我刚刚错过了你的消息，请再发一遍
- D你应当寄一张QSL卡片给我
The meaning of the Q-code “QSL” is:
- AI confirm that I have copied your message
- BI will send you a QSL card
- CI just missed your message, please send it again
- DYou should send me a QSL card
QSL means “I acknowledge receipt / I confirm I have copied your message.” Option A is correct. Note that “QSL” is also the name of the paper confirmation card, but the Q-code’s core meaning is acknowledgment (B is a common follow-on but not the literal Q-code meaning).
US–China difference: Same ITU meaning; US hams also exchange QSL cards for confirmation.
Common pitfall: Treating QSL only as “I will send a card” rather than “I acknowledge receipt.”
Real on-air practice: During a QSO you say “QSL” to confirm each exchange; later you mail a paper QSL card.
Q简语”QSO”的含义为：
- A我能够直接或通过他台转信通联（某个电台）；常指业余电台间的当前联络
- B我可以直接或通过卡片管理局寄发QSL；常指业余电台交换QSL卡片的操作
- C我可以将你的消息转信至某个电台；常指业余电台帮助他台中转消息的操作
- D我没有需要发送的消息了；常见于业余电台即将结束联络并互致再见之时
The meaning of the Q-code “QSO” is:
- AI can communicate with (a station) directly or via a relay; commonly refers to the current contact between amateur stations
- BI can send QSLs directly or via a card bureau; commonly refers to the exchange of QSL cards
- CI can relay your message to a certain station; commonly refers to a station helping relay another’s message
- DI have no message to send; often used as a station is about to end contact and say goodbye
QSO means a contact/communication (“I can communicate with … / I have a QSO with …”), and is the standard term for an amateur contact. B describes QSL-card exchange, C describes QSP relaying, and D describes QRU — none is QSO.
US–China difference: “QSO” means a contact in the US too.
Common pitfall: Confusing QSO (contact) with QSP (relay) or QSL (card).
Real on-air practice: “TNX FOR THE QSO” is the standard closing thanking the other station for the contact.
通联时，如需了解对方电台可否帮助转信至”xxx电台”，可使用短句：
- AQSP ×××？
- BQRD ×××？
- CQSX ×××？
- DQRV ×××？
During a contact, if you want to find out whether the other station can help relay a message to “station xxx”, you may use the phrase:
- AQSP ×××?
- BQRD ×××?
- CQSX ×××?
- DQRV ×××?
QSP means “Can you relay my message to …? / I can relay your message.” Asking whether the other station can forward traffic to xxx is exactly QSP ×××?. QRD asks “Where are you bound?”, QSX means “I am listening on …”, and QRV means “are you ready?” — none asks for relaying.
US–China difference: Same ITU Q-code; message relaying is less common in modern US practice but the code is identical.
Common pitfall: Confusing QSP (relay) with QSX (listening on).
Real on-air practice: In a traffic net you might ask “QSP W3ABC?” to see if the station can pass your message onward.
Q简语”QSP”的含义为：
- A我可以将你的消息转信至某个电台；常指业余电台帮助他台中转消息的操作
- B我可以直接或通过卡片管理局寄发QSL；常指业余电台交换QSL卡片的操作
- C我能够直接或通过他台转信通联（某个电台）；常指业余电台间的当前联络
- D我没有需要发送的消息了；常见于业余电台即将结束联络并互致再见之时
The meaning of the Q-code “QSP” is:
- AI can relay your message to a certain station; commonly refers to an amateur station helping relay another’s message
- BI can send QSLs directly or via a card bureau; commonly refers to the exchange of QSL cards
- CI can communicate with (a station) directly or via a relay; commonly refers to the current contact between amateur stations
- DI have no message to send; often used as a station is about to end contact and say goodbye
QSP means relaying a message (“I can pass your message to …”). Option A is correct. B is QSL-card exchange, C is QSO, and D is QRU — none is QSP.
US–China difference: Same ITU meaning; US traffic handlers use QSP in NTS nets.
Common pitfall: Swapping QSP (relay) with QSO (contact).
Real on-air practice: “QSP TO W1AW” means please forward this to W1AW.
通联时，小明希望小强帮忙守听7074千赫的FT8操作，他可以发：
- AQSX MY FT8 ON 7074 KHZ？
- BQSY MY FT8 ON 7074 KHZ？
- CQSL MY FT8 ON 7074 KHZ？
- DQRU MY FT8 ON 7074 KHZ？
During a contact, if Xiaoming wants Xiaoqiang to help listen out for his FT8 operation on 7074 kHz, he can send:
- AQSX MY FT8 ON 7074 KHZ?
- BQSY MY FT8 ON 7074 KHZ?
- CQSL MY FT8 ON 7074 KHZ?
- DQRU MY FT8 ON 7074 KHZ?
QSX means “I am listening on … / please listen on …”. “QSX MY FT8 ON 7074 KHZ?” asks the other to stand by and listen on that frequency for the FT8 operation. QSY means change frequency, QSL means acknowledge, and QRU means nothing to send — none asks the other to listen out.
US–China difference: Same ITU Q-code; 7074 kHz (7.074 MHz) is the standard FT8 dial frequency worldwide.
Common pitfall: Confusing QSX (listening on) with QSY (change to a frequency).
Real on-air practice: “QSX MY FT8 ON 7074?” is a natural way to ask a friend to watch your WSJT-X waterfall.
通联时，小强告诉小明，他正在7074千赫守听FT8联络，他可以发送：
- AQSX FT8 ON 7074 KHZ
- BQSY FT8 ON 7074 KHZ
- CQSL FT8 ON 7074 KHZ
- DQRU FT8 ON 7074 KHZ
When Xiaoqiang tells Xiaoming that he is listening for FT8 contacts on 7074 kHz, he can send:
- AQSX FT8 ON 7074 KHZ
- BQSY FT8 ON 7074 KHZ
- CQSL FT8 ON 7074 KHZ
- DQRU FT8 ON 7074 KHZ
QSX (statement form) means “I am listening on …”. Telling the other that you are standing by on 7074 kHz for FT8 is exactly “QSX FT8 ON 7074 KHZ”. QSY would mean you are changing frequency, QSL is acknowledgment, and QRU is “nothing to send.”
US–China difference: Identical Q-code meaning; FT8 on 7074 kHz is the global standard.
Common pitfall: Using QSY when you mean you are listening (QSX), not changing frequency.
Real on-air practice: “QSX FT8 ON 7074” lets your friend know where to find you on the digital mode.
通联时，如需协商对方改频至nnnn千赫（或兆赫），可使用短句：
- AQSY nnnn KHZ（或MHZ）？
- BQRY nnnn KHZ（或MHZ）？
- CQSV nnnn KHZ（或MHZ）？
- DQRV nnnn KHZ（或MHZ）？
During a contact, if you need to negotiate with the other party to change frequency to nnnn kHz (or MHz), you may use the phrase:
- AQSY nnnn KHZ (or MHZ)?
- BQRY nnnn KHZ (or MHZ)?
- CQSV nnnn KHZ (or MHZ)?
- DQRV nnnn KHZ (or MHZ)?
QSY means “I am changing to transmission on … / shall we change frequency to …?”. Negotiating a move to nnnn kHz/MHz is exactly QSY nnnn. QRY is about transmission sequence/order, QSV is “shall I send V’s”, and QRV is “are you ready?” — none proposes a frequency change.
US–China difference: Same ITU Q-code; US hams also say “QSY to 144.200”.
Common pitfall: Confusing QSY (change frequency) with QSV (send a test of V’s).
Real on-air practice: “QSY 144.200?” moves a VHF contact off the calling frequency to a simplex channel.
Q简语”QSY”的含义为：
- A我要改变发射频率至…千赫（或兆赫）
- B我要关闭收发信机了，再见
- C我不再呼叫了，尚未联络的请用email约起来
- D我要变更操作方式了，有要联络的请尽快叫过来
The meaning of the Q-code “QSY” is:
- AI am changing my transmission frequency to … kHz (or MHz)
- BI am shutting down the transceiver, goodbye
- CI will stop calling; those not yet contacted please arrange by email
- DI am changing mode; those who want to contact me please call quickly
QSY means “change transmission frequency to …”. Option A is correct. B is QRT (stop transmitting), C and D are informal non-Q-code statements — none is QSY.
US–China difference: Identical ITU meaning.
Common pitfall: Confusing QSY (change frequency) with QRT (stop transmitting).
Real on-air practice: “QSY UP 5” means move 5 kHz up the band.
通联时，如需了解对方电台的位置，可使用短句：
- AQTH？
- BQRA？
- CQSP？
- DQSA？
During a contact, if you want to know the other station’s location, you may use the phrase:
- AQTH?
- BQRA?
- CQSP?
- DQSA?
QTH? means “What is your location? / Where are you?” Asking for the other station’s position is exactly QTH?. QRA asks for the station’s name/call sign, QSP asks about relaying, and QSA asks about signal strength — none asks location.
US–China difference: Same Q-code; US hams also exchange QTH and often a grid locator (Maidenhead).
Common pitfall: Confusing QTH (location) with QRA (station name).
Real on-air practice: After the call sign exchange you send “QTH?” and hear “QTH BEIJING”.
业余无线电爱好者在结束当前联络并互致美好祝愿时经常使用缩语：
- A73
- B59
- C599
- D99
When ending the current contact and exchanging good wishes, amateur radio operators often use the abbreviation:
- A73
- B59
- C599
- D99
73 is the universally used closing meaning “best regards,” sent at the end of a contact with good wishes. 59 / 599 are RST signal-report numbers (strength 9, tone 9), not closings, and 99 is not a standard ham abbreviation in this context.
US–China difference: 73 is used identically by US hams; 73 is kept as-is per the glossary.
Common pitfall: Thinking 599 (a signal report) is a closing; it is not.
Real on-air practice: A contact ends with “TU 73” — thanks and best regards.
如在CW或其他方式的文字通联中须询问对方的QSL卡片邮寄地址，我们可以发送：
- A“UR ADR？”或”UR ADDR？”
- BMY ADDR？
- CPSE ADR MY QSL INFO
- DPSE QSL TO UR ADDR
If, during a CW or other text-mode contact, you must ask the other party for the mailing address for their QSL card, you may send:
- A“UR ADR?” or “UR ADDR?”
- BMY ADDR?
- CPSE ADR MY QSL INFO
- DPSE QSL TO UR ADDR
“UR ADR?” / “UR ADDR?” means “your address?” — the correct way to request the other station’s QSL mailing address. B (“MY ADDR?”) asks for your own address back, C is a muddled instruction, and D asks them to send a QSL to your address — none correctly requests their address.
US–China difference: Same abbreviations used in the US; “ADDR” is the standard shortening of address.
Common pitfall: Sending “MY ADDR?” when you meant to ask for theirs (UR ADDR?).
Real on-air practice: Before ending a CW QSO you send “UR ADDR?” to know where to mail the QSL card.
如需对方重复上次的操作，比如重报呼号或信号报告，我们可使用缩语：
- AAGN
- BAGC
- CABT
- DABV
If you need the other party to repeat the previous operation, such as re-sending the call sign or the signal report, you may use the abbreviation:
- AAGN
- BAGC
- CABT
- DABV
AGN is the abbreviation for “again” — used to ask for a repeat (of the call sign, signal report, etc.). AGC is the electronics term “automatic gain control,” ABT means “about,” and ABV means “above” — none means repeat.
US–China difference: AGN is used identically by US CW operators.
Common pitfall: Confusing AGN (again) with AGC (automatic gain control).
Real on-air practice: “CALL AGN?” asks the other station to send its call sign again.
业余无线电通信缩语”AHR”的意思是：
- A另一个
- B天线
- C这里
- D地址
The meaning of the amateur-radio abbreviation “AHR” is:
- Aanother / other
- Bantenna
- Chere
- Daddress
AHR is the CW abbreviation meaning “another” (or “other”). Antenna is abbreviated ANT, “here” is HR, and address is ADR/ADDR — so only A is correct.
US–China difference: Same standard CW abbreviations in the US.
Common pitfall: Confusing AHR (another) with ANT (antenna) or HR (here).
Real on-air practice: “AHR QSO ON 20M” means another contact on 20 metres.
“业余无线电测向”的缩语是：
- AARDF
- BATU
- CADDR
- DANT
The abbreviation for “amateur radio direction finding” is:
- AARDF
- BATU
- CADDR
- DANT
“业余无线电测向” (amateur radio direction finding) is abbreviated ARDF (per the glossary: 无线电测向运动 = radio direction-finding sport / ARDF). ATU is an antenna tuning unit, ADDR is address, and ANT is antenna — none is direction finding.
US–China difference: ARDF is the international term (the “foxhunt” sport); same in the US.
Common pitfall: Confusing ARDF (direction finding) with ATU (antenna tuner).
Real on-air practice: A “foxhunt” is an ARDF event where you use a directional antenna to find a hidden transmitter.
在CW联络中交换QSL信息时，我们可能用到”邮政信箱”这个术语。其缩语是：
- A“BOX”或”P O BOX”
- BBOX OF MAIL
- CBURO
- DQTH
When exchanging QSL information during a CW contact, we may use the term “post office box.” Its abbreviation is:
- A“BOX” or “P O BOX”
- BBOX OF MAIL
- CBURO
- DQTH
A post office box is abbreviated “BOX” or “P O BOX” in CW traffic. “BOX OF MAIL” is not a standard abbreviation, BURO means QSL card bureau (manager), and QTH means location — none is the post-office-box term.
US–China difference: US hams use the same “P O BOX” abbreviation on QSL cards.
Common pitfall: Confusing BOX (post office box) with BURO (QSL bureau).
Real on-air practice: A station might give “BOX 123” as its QSL mailing point.
“QSL卡片管理局”的缩语是：
- ABURO
- BBOX
- CROUTER
- DSWITCH
The abbreviation for “QSL card bureau (manager)” is:
- ABURO
- BBOX
- CROUTER
- DSWITCH
“QSL卡片管理局” (QSL card bureau / manager) is abbreviated BURO. BOX is a post office box, while ROUTER and SWITCH are networking terms unrelated to QSL handling.
US–China difference: US hams also use “BURO” for the ARRL/direct QSL bureau system.
Common pitfall: Confusing BURO (QSL bureau) with BOX (post office box).
Real on-air practice: “VIA BURO” means send the QSL through the card bureau rather than direct.
在CW通联中，我们有时会抄到缩语”CK”，意思是：
- A检查
- B钟表
- C报到
- D祝贺
In a CW contact, we sometimes copy the abbreviation “CK”, which means:
- Acheck
- Bclock / timepiece
- Creport in / check in
- Dcongratulations
CK is the CW abbreviation for “check” (as in “PSE CK” = please check). Clock is abbreviated CLK, and congratulations is usually CONGRAT or GLD/GB — so A is correct.
US–China difference: Same standard abbreviation in the US.
Common pitfall: Reading CK as clock; the clock abbreviation is CLK.
Real on-air practice: “QSD PSE CK” asks the other to check their keying.
业余电台发起呼叫时会使用缩语：
- ACQ
- BCU AGN
- CTU
- DSeek QSOs with you, Roger?
The abbreviation an amateur station uses when making a general call is:
- ACQ
- BCU AGN
- CTU
- DSeek QSOs with you, Roger?
CQ is the universal general call meaning “calling any station.” CU AGN means “see you again,” TU means “thank you,” and the English sentence is not a standard abbreviation — so A is correct.
US–China difference: CQ is used identically by US hams to open a call.
Common pitfall: Confusing CQ (general call) with CU AGN (see you again, a closing).
Real on-air practice: “CQ CQ CQ DE BG1XYZ” is the standard way to call any station.
形容某个信号来自远地时，爱好者们经常使用缩语：
- ADX
- BDE
- CDR
- DDSW
When describing a signal coming from a distant place, amateurs often use the abbreviation:
- ADX
- BDE
- CDR
- DDSW
DX is the abbreviation for a distant station or long-distance contact. DE means “from” (used before your call sign), DR is “dear,” and DSW is not a standard ham abbreviation — so A is correct.
US–China difference: DX means “distant station” identically in the US; “DXing” is the hobby of chasing far stations.
Common pitfall: Confusing DX (distant) with DE (from).
Real on-air practice: “Worked new DX” means you contacted a new foreign station.
在CW通联中，我们有时会抄到缩语”ES”，意思是：
- A和
- B是
- C从
- D请等待
In a CW contact, we sometimes copy the abbreviation “ES”, which means:
- Aand
- Bis / are
- Cfrom
- Dplease wait
ES is the CW abbreviation for “and.” “From” is DE, “is/are” is often omitted or written as “IS,” and “please wait” is WAIT or PSE WAIT — so A is correct.
US–China difference: ES = “and” is standard in US CW as well.
Common pitfall: Confusing ES (and) with DE (from).
Real on-air practice: “NAME ES QTH?” means “name and location?”
在CW通联中，我们有时会抄到缩语”FB”，意思是：
- A太棒了，业务精湛
- B我的反馈如下
- C保险丝熔断了
- D从正反两方面说
In a CW contact, we sometimes copy the abbreviation “FB”, which means:
- Afine business / excellent, first-rate
- Bhere is my feedback as follows
- Cthe fuse has blown
- Dspeaking from both sides
FB stands for “Fine Business,” meaning excellent or first-rate (often used for a strong signal or good operator). The other options are not the meaning of FB.
US–China difference: FB = “fine business” is used identically in the US.
Common pitfall: None serious; just memorize FB = excellent.
Real on-air practice: “FB OM, UR RST 599” compliments the other operator’s signal.
在CW通联中，我们有时会抄到缩语”FER”，意思是：
- A为了，对于
- B好的，精细的
- C二月
- D猎狐
In a CW contact, we sometimes copy the abbreviation “FER”, which means:
- Afor
- Bfine, detailed
- CFebruary
- Dfoxhunt
FER is the CW abbreviation for “for.” February is FEB, and foxhunt is associated with ARDF rather than FER — so A is correct.
US–China difference: FER = “for” is standard US CW usage.
Common pitfall: Reading FER as the month; the month is FEB.
Real on-air practice: “TNX FER THE QSO” = thanks for the contact.
术语”频率”的缩语是：
- AFREQ
- BFER
- CTUNE
- DFIND
The abbreviation for the term “frequency” is:
- AFREQ
- BFER
- CTUNE
- DFIND
“频率” (frequency) is abbreviated FREQ. FER means “for,” TUNE is the act of tuning, and FIND is “find” — so A is correct.
US–China difference: FREQ is the same abbreviation in the US.
Common pitfall: Confusing FREQ (frequency) with FER (for).
Real on-air practice: “FREQ 14.070” states the operating frequency for a digital contact.
建立CW联络后，我们经常值交换信号报告之机向对方表示问候。”下午好”的缩语是：
- AGA
- BGE
- CGN
- DGM
After establishing a CW contact, we often greet the other party while exchanging signal reports. The abbreviation for “good afternoon” is:
- AGA
- BGE
- CGN
- DGM
GA is the abbreviation for “Good Afternoon” (also used as “Go Ahead” in some contexts, but as a greeting it is good afternoon). GE = good evening, GN = good night, GM = good morning — so A is correct for 下午好.
US–China difference: Same greetings (GA/GE/GM/GN) in US CW.
Common pitfall: Mixing up GA (afternoon), GE (evening), GM (morning), GN (night).
Real on-air practice: “GM ES TNX FER QSO” greets a morning contact.
建立CW联络后，我们经常值交换信号报告之机向对方表示问候。”晚上好”的缩语是：
- AGE
- BGM
- CGN
- DGA
After establishing a CW contact, we often greet the other party while exchanging signal reports. The abbreviation for “good evening” is:
- AGE
- BGM
- CGN
- DGA
GE is the abbreviation for “Good Evening.” GM = good morning, GN = good night, GA = good afternoon — so A is correct for 晚上好.
US–China difference: Same greeting abbreviations in the US.
Common pitfall: Swapping GE (evening) with GA (afternoon) or GN (night).
Real on-air practice: “GE OM” greets the other operator in the evening.
业余无线电爱好者在结束当前联络并祝愿对方好运好成绩时经常使用缩语：
- AGL
- BGB
- CTU
- D73
When ending the current contact and wishing the other party good luck and good results, amateur radio operators often use the abbreviation:
- AGL
- BGB
- CTU
- D73
GL stands for “Good Luck,” used when wishing the other operator luck and success. GB is “Good Bye,” TU is “thank you,” and 73 is “best regards” — so A is correct for the good-luck wish.
US–China difference: GL = good luck is used identically in the US, especially before contests.
Common pitfall: Confusing GL (good luck) with GB (good bye).
Real on-air practice: Before a contest you sign “GL IN THE TEST” (good luck in the contest).
业余无线电通信缩语”GLD”的意思是：
- A高兴
- B好运气
- C再见
- D地线，地面
The meaning of the amateur-radio abbreviation “GLD” is:
- Aglad
- Bgood luck
- Cgoodbye
- Dground (earth / grounding)
GLD is the abbreviation for “glad.” Good luck is GL, goodbye is GB, and ground/grounding is GND — so A is correct.
US–China difference: GLD = glad is standard US CW usage.
Common pitfall: Confusing GLD (glad) with GL (good luck) or GND (ground).
Real on-air practice: “GLD TO QSO WITH U” = glad to contact you.
建立CW联络后，我们经常值交换信号报告之机向对方表示问候。”早晨好”的缩语是：
- AGM
- BGA
- CGL
- DGB
After establishing a CW contact, we often greet the other party while exchanging signal reports. The abbreviation for “good morning” is:
- AGM
- BGA
- CGL
- DGB
GM is the abbreviation for “Good Morning.” GA = good afternoon, GL = good luck, GB = good bye — so A is correct for 早晨好.
US–China difference: Same morning-greeting abbreviation in the US.
Common pitfall: Mixing GM (morning) with GA (afternoon).
Real on-air practice: “GM DE BG1XYZ” opens a morning CW contact.
有时，我们通联的DX电台仍使用”GMT”来表示时间。该时间的含义是：
- A格林尼治时间
- BGPS管理区段时间
- C国际原子时
- D罗兰C时间
Sometimes, the DX station we contact still uses “GMT” to express time. The meaning of this time is:
- AGreenwich Mean Time
- BGPS management-zone time
- CInternational Atomic Time
- DLoran-C time
GMT means Greenwich Mean Time, the universal time reference long used in amateur radio logging and contesting. The other options (GPS zone time, TAI, Loran-C time) are not what GMT stands for.
US–China difference: US hams also use GMT/UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) for logs and contests; GMT and UTC are effectively equivalent.
Common pitfall: Confusing GMT with local time or with GPS-derived time.
Real on-air practice: Contest logs record QSO times in UTC/GMT so stations worldwide share one reference.
业余无线电通信缩语”GN”的意思是：
- A晚安
- B早晨好
- C好运气
- D高兴
The meaning of the amateur-radio abbreviation “GN” is:
- Agood night
- Bgood morning
- Cgood luck
- Dglad
GN is the abbreviation for “Good Night.” Good morning is GM, good luck is GL, and glad is GLD — so A is correct.
US–China difference: GN = good night is used identically in the US.
Common pitfall: Confusing GN (night) with GM (morning) or GL (luck).
Real on-air practice: “GN TNX 73” closes a late-night contact.
业余无线电通信缩语”GND”的意思是：
- A地面、接地
- B格林尼治时间
- C好运气
- D高兴
The meaning of the amateur-radio abbreviation “GND” is:
- Aground / grounding
- BGreenwich Mean Time
- Cgood luck
- Dglad
GND is the abbreviation for “ground” (the earth connection / grounding). GMT is Greenwich time, GL is good luck, and GLD is glad — so A is correct.
US–China difference: GND = ground is the same in US technical usage; grounding is a safety topic in both.
Common pitfall: Confusing GND (ground) with GMT (time).
Real on-air practice: “GND UR RIG PROPERLY” reminds the other op to ground their station for safety and EMC.
每年的12月下旬，我们常会在CW联络中听到缩语”HNY”，意思是：
- A新年快乐
- B幸福
- C希望
- D圣诞快乐
In late December each year, we often hear the abbreviation “HNY” in CW contacts, which means:
- AHappy New Year
- Bhappy (felicity)
- Chope
- DMerry Christmas
HNY is the abbreviation for “Happy New Year,” exchanged around New Year (late December). Happy/felicity is HPY/HPI, hope is HPE, and Merry Christmas is XMAS — so A is correct.
US–China difference: HNY is used identically by US hams at New Year.
Common pitfall: Confusing HNY (New Year) with HPY (happy) or XMAS (Christmas).
Real on-air practice: “HNY ES 73” closes year-end contacts.
在CW通联中，我们有时会抄到缩语”HPE”，意思是：
- A希望去做某件事
- B醉心于某件事
- C是”抄收”的意思
- D是”这里”的意思
In a CW contact, we sometimes copy the abbreviation “HPE”, which means:
- Ahope (to do something)
- Bbe absorbed in something
- Cmeans “copy / receive”
- Dmeans “here”
HPE is the abbreviation for “hope.” Copy/receive is CPY or R (roger), and “here” is HR — so A is correct.
US–China difference: HPE = hope is standard US CW usage.
Common pitfall: Confusing HPE (hope) with HR (here) or CPY (copy).
Real on-air practice: “HPE CU AGN SOON” = hope to see you again soon.
在CW通联中，我们有时会抄到缩语”HPY”或”HPI”，意思是：
- A幸福
- B希望
- C抄收
- D这里
In a CW contact, we sometimes copy the abbreviation “HPY” or “HPI”, which means:
- Ahappy
- Bhope
- Ccopy / receive
- Dhere
HPY / HPI is the abbreviation for “happy.” Hope is HPE, copy is CPY, and here is HR — so A is correct.
US–China difference: HPY = happy is used identically in US CW.
Common pitfall: Confusing HPY (happy) with HPE (hope).
Real on-air practice: “HPY NEW YEAR” = happy new year.
“快速收发报”的缩语是：
- AHST
- BRTTY
- CCW
- DRST
The abbreviation for “high-speed telegraphy” is:
- AHST
- BRTTY
- CCW
- DRST
“快速收发报” (high-speed telegraphy) is abbreviated HST. RTTY is radioteletype, CW is continuous wave / Morse, and RST is the signal-report format — so A is correct.
US–China difference: HST is the international term for the high-speed telegraphy sport, same in the US.
Common pitfall: Confusing HST with CW (Morse) or RTTY (teletype).
Real on-air practice: HST competitions test copying and sending Morse at high speeds.
业余电台完成当前发送并守听任意电台时应使用缩语：
- AK
- BGA
- CPSE
- DCome on
When an amateur station finishes its current transmission and listens for any station, it should use the abbreviation:
- AK
- BGA
- CPSE
- DCome on
K is the procedural sign inviting any station to transmit (“over to any station”). GA is “go ahead / good afternoon,” PSE is “please,” and “Come on” is not a standard abbreviation — so A is correct.
US–China difference: K = invite any station to transmit is standard US procedure too.
Common pitfall: Confusing K (any station) with KN (specific station only).
Real on-air practice: End a CQ transmission with “K” so anyone may answer.
业余电台完成当前发送并守听通联中的对方电台时可使用缩语：
- AKN
- BPSE
- CPlease call one by one
- DCU
When an amateur station finishes its current transmission and listens only for the other station in the contact, it may use the abbreviation:
- AKN
- BPSE
- CPlease call one by one
- DCU
KN is the procedural sign inviting only the addressed station to transmit (“over to you only”). PSE is “please,” CU is “see you,” and the English sentence is not a standard sign — so A is correct. Note KN is distinct from K (any station).
US–China difference: KN = invite the specific station only is standard US procedure.
Common pitfall: Using K (any station) when you mean to listen only to the specific station (KN).
Real on-air practice: During a two-station contact you end with “KN” so only your partner replies.
在CW通联中表达”非常感谢”之意时我们发送：
- A“MNY TNX”或”MNI TNX”
- BTNX TOO MUCH
- CVY TNX
- DI AM GRATEFUL FER UR TNX
To express “thank you very much” in a CW contact, we send:
- A“MNY TNX” or “MNI TNX”
- BTNX TOO MUCH
- CVY TNX
- DI AM GRATEFUL FER UR TNX
“MNY TNX” / “MNI TNX” means “many thanks” (thank you very much), the standard CW way to express deep thanks. “VY TNX” alone is just “very thanks” (less standard), and the other options are non-standard phrasings — so A is correct.
US–China difference: “MNY TNX” is used identically by US CW operators.
Common pitfall: Over-spelling it out; abbreviations like MNY/MNI are preferred in CW.
Real on-air practice: “MNY TNX FER THE QSO 73” thanks the other op at the end.
业余无线电通信缩语”NW”的意思是：
- A现在
- B不工作
- C新的
- D你和我
The meaning of the amateur-radio abbreviation “NW” is:
- Anow
- Bnot working
- Cnew
- Dyou and me
NW is the abbreviation for “now.” New is NW? — no, new is usually “NEW”; “not working” would be expressed differently; “you and me” is not NW — so A is correct.
US–China difference: NW = now is standard US CW usage.
Common pitfall: None serious; just memorize NW = now.
Real on-air practice: “QRV NW” = ready now.
通联时，我们有时称对方电台的操作员为”old man”。这是将对方比作亲密无间的队友，因此为”老朋友”、”老伙计”之意且无关年龄。这个称呼的缩语是：
- AOM
- BOB
- COC
- DOT
During contacts, we sometimes call the other operator “old man.” This likens the other party to a close comrade — meaning “old friend” or “old buddy,” with no relation to age. The abbreviation for this term of address is:
- AOM
- BOB
- COC
- DOT
OM is the abbreviation for “Old Man,” a friendly term of address for a fellow amateur (old friend/buddy), unrelated to age. OB, OC, and OT are not the standard “old man” abbreviation.
US–China difference: OM = “old man” (fellow ham) is used identically in the US.
Common pitfall: None serious; just recall OM = old man/old friend.
Real on-air practice: “TNX OM, FB SIGNAL” addresses the other operator as a friend.
“操作员”的缩语是：
- AOP
- BOOP
- COM
- DOHM
The abbreviation for “operator” is:
- AOP
- BOOP
- COM
- DOHM
“操作员” (operator) is abbreviated OP. OM means “old man,” OOP and OHM are not the standard operator abbreviation — so A is correct.
US–China difference: OP = operator is used identically in the US.
Common pitfall: Confusing OP (operator) with OM (old man).
Real on-air practice: “NEW OP AT THE KEY” tells the other station a different person is now operating.
在CW日常通联中，适当使用带”请”字的祈使句可以活跃通联气氛。”请”的缩语是：
- APSE、PLS
- BPSK、ASK
- CPX、PWM
- DPWR、PTT
In daily CW (continuous wave) contacts, appropriately using imperative sentences that include the word “please” (请) can liven up the contact atmosphere. The abbreviation for “please” is:
- APSE, PLS
- BPSK, ASK
- CPX, PWM
- DPWR, PTT
“请” is abbreviated as PSE (from “please”) or PLS in Morse/telegraphy abbreviations. B lists digital-mode terms (PSK, ASK), C lists unrelated tokens, and D lists PWR (power) and PTT (push-to-talk) — none mean “please”.
US–China difference: These CW abbreviations (PSE/PLS) are universal among English-speaking amateurs worldwide.
Common pitfall: Confusing PSE (please) with PSK (a digital mode) or PWR (power).
Real on-air practice: You send “PSE QRS” to ask a station to send more slowly.
与”QSL”类似，如果完全抄收了对方所发的消息，我们常以起始语”Roger”开启新的会话。这可向对方主动传达确认之意。”Roger”的缩语是：
- AR
- BRX
- CRIG
- DRFI
Similar to “QSL”, if you have completely copied the message sent by the other station, we often start a new exchange with the opening word “Roger” to proactively convey acknowledgement. The abbreviation for “Roger” is:
- AR
- BRX
- CRIG
- DRFI
“Roger” is abbreviated simply as R, meaning “received and understood”. RX means receiver, RIG means the station/equipment, and RFI means radio-frequency interference — none is the abbreviation for “Roger”.
US–China difference: R/Roger is a standard NATO/ICAO and amateur term in the US as well.
Common pitfall: Mixing R (Roger) with RX (receiver) or RIG (equipment).
Real on-air practice: After copying a transmission you reply “R” to confirm understanding.
业余无线电业务中，”SAE”的含义为：
- A写好收信人地址的信封
- B信封
- C请尽快寄出QSL卡片
- D请勿通过卡片管理局交换QSL卡片
In the amateur radio service, the meaning of “SAE” is:
- Aan envelope with the recipient’s address written on it
- Ban envelope
- Cplease send the QSL card as soon as possible
- Ddo not exchange QSL cards through the card bureau
SAE stands for “self-addressed envelope” — an envelope with the recipient’s (your own) address already written, which you include when requesting a QSL card. A is correct; B is just “envelope” (too vague), while C and D are unrelated instructions.
US–China difference: US hams use the same SAE/SASE convention when requesting QSLs by mail.
Common pitfall: Confusing SAE (self-addressed envelope) with SASE (with postage) or with a request to send quickly.
Real on-air practice: You mail an SAE to a DX station so they can return a QSL cheaply.
业余无线电爱好者寄送QSL卡片时常会提及缩语”SASE”，其含义为：
- A写好收信人地址并贴好邮票（或附有邮资）的信封
- B国际邮资券
- C请尽快寄出QSL卡片
- D请勿通过卡片管理局交换QSL卡片
When amateur radio operators mail QSL cards, they often mention the abbreviation “SASE”, whose meaning is:
- Aan envelope with the recipient’s address written and a stamp (or postage) affixed
- Binternational reply coupon (IRC)
- Cplease send the QSL card as soon as possible
- Ddo not exchange QSL cards through the card bureau
SASE means “self-addressed stamped envelope” — an envelope with your address written and postage attached, which you enclose so the other station can return a QSL. B is an IRC (a different item), while C/D are unrelated instructions.
US–China difference: In the US, SASE with US stamps is standard; for international QSLs an IRC (B) is sometimes used instead.
Common pitfall: Confusing SASE (with postage) with SAE (address only, no stamp).
Real on-air practice: Include an SASE when requesting a QSL from a domestic station.
在通联中，如需更正刚才发错的内容，我们通常以”抱歉”开启会话，缩语为：
- ASRI
- BSNR
- CSTN
- DSMS
In a contact, if you need to correct content you just sent wrongly, you usually start the exchange with “sorry”; the abbreviation is:
- ASRI
- BSNR
- CSTN
- DSMS
“抱歉” is abbreviated SRI (from “sorry”). SNR means signal-to-noise ratio, STN means station, and SMS is the mobile texting term — none means “sorry”.
US–China difference: SRI is used identically by US amateurs in CW/phone.
Common pitfall: Mixing SRI (sorry) with SNR (signal-to-noise ratio).
Real on-air practice: After a sending error you send “SRI” then the corrected text.
“温度”的缩语是：
- ATEMP
- BTMPO
- CTUNE
- DWX
The abbreviation for “temperature” (温度) is:
- ATEMP
- BTMPO
- CTUNE
- DWX
“温度” is abbreviated TEMP. TMPO means tempo (speed), TUNE means to tune, and WX means weather — none means temperature.
US–China difference: Same abbreviations used in US traffic and contest exchanges.
Common pitfall: Confusing TEMP (temperature) with WX (weather) or TUNE.
Real on-air practice: In a contest you might report “TEMP 25C”.
“谢谢”的缩语是：
- ATNX、TKS
- BSRI、SAE
- CCU、GB
- DTVI、RFI
The abbreviation for “thank you” (谢谢) is:
- ATNX, TKS
- BSRI, SAE
- CCU, GB
- DTVI, RFI
“谢谢” is abbreviated TNX or TKS. SRI/SAE mean sorry/self-addressed envelope, CU/GB mean “see you”/”goodbye”, and TVI/RFI mean television/interference — none means thank you.
US–China difference: TNX/TKS are the universal English amateur abbreviations for thanks.
Common pitfall: Mixing TNX (thanks) with TKS, or with TUNE/TX.
Real on-air practice: You close a QSO with “TNX fer the QSO, 73”.
“谢谢你”的缩语是：
- ATU
- BATU
- CTX
- DATT
The abbreviation for “thank you” (谢谢你, short) is:
- ATU
- BATU
- CTX
- DATT
“谢谢你” is abbreviated TU (from “thank you”). ATU means antenna tuner, TX means transmit, and ATT means attenuator — none means thank you.
US–China difference: TU is universally used by US amateurs at the end of a contact.
Common pitfall: Confusing TU (thank you) with TX (transmit) or ATU (antenna tuner).
Real on-air practice: “TU OM, 73” is a standard sign-off.
“你的”或者”你是”可用缩语表示为：
- AUR
- BTU
- CFB
- DUS
“Your” or “you are” can be expressed by the abbreviation:
- AUR
- BTU
- CFB
- DUS
“你的/你是” is abbreviated UR. TU means thank you, FB means “fine business” (excellent), and US means “we/our” — none means “your/you are”.
US–China difference: UR is standard in US CW/phone exchanges.
Common pitfall: Mixing UR (your) with US (we) or TU (thank you).
Real on-air practice: “UR RST 599” reports the other station’s signal.
在CW通联中，我们有时会抄到缩语”WL”，意思是：
- A将要
- B超级棒
- C物理
- D滑铁卢
In CW contacts, we sometimes copy the abbreviation “WL”, which means:
- Awill (about to)
- Bsuper great
- Cphysics
- DWaterloo
WL is the abbreviation for “will” (将要/即将). The other options are not the meaning of WL in amateur abbreviations.
US–China difference: WL meaning “will” is the same in US CW practice.
Common pitfall: Guessing WL means a place or “well” — it is simply “will”.
Real on-air practice: “WL CALL CQ” = “will call CQ”.
收听CW或SSB联络，我们有时会听到缩语”XYL”。其含义是：
- A妻子
- B晶体
- C女士
- D发信机
Listening to CW or SSB contacts, we sometimes hear the abbreviation “XYL”. Its meaning is:
- Awife
- Bcrystal
- Clady / female operator
- Dtransmitter
XYL is the abbreviation for “wife” (妻子) of an amateur. The female operator herself is YL (C); crystal is XTAL, and transmitter is TX — so only A is correct.
US–China difference: XYL/OM are affectionate terms used identically by US amateurs.
Common pitfall: Confusing XYL (wife) with YL (any female operator).
Real on-air practice: “XYL says hello” is a friendly closing.
有一类业余无线电操作员享有称呼”YL”。而有些业余无线电竞赛也为这些人士制定了专享的规则。缩语”YL”的含义是：
- A女士
- B好运
- C你的
- D领导
There is a class of amateur radio operators honored with the title “YL”, and some amateur radio contests have made exclusive rules for these people. The meaning of the abbreviation “YL” is:
- Ayoung lady (female operator)
- Bgood luck
- Cyour
- Dleader
YL means “young lady” — a female amateur radio operator (女士). Note the distinction from XYL (wife). B (good luck) is GL, C (your) is UR, D is unrelated.
US–China difference: YL is the same female-operator term in US contests (e.g., YL-specific awards).
Common pitfall: Confusing YL with XYL, or with GL (good luck).
Real on-air practice: Many contests have a separate YL category/section.
术语”单元”通常指天线振子。其缩语是：
- AEL、ELE或ELS
- BYAGI
- CANT
- DUNIT
The term “element” (单元) usually refers to an antenna element (radiator). Its abbreviation is:
- AEL, ELE or ELS
- BYAGI
- CANT
- DUNIT
天线振子 (antenna element) is abbreviated EL, ELE or ELS. YAGI is a Yagi antenna, ANT is antenna, and UNIT is a generic “unit” — none is the element abbreviation.
US–China difference: EL/ELE for element is used the same way in US antenna discussions.
Common pitfall: Confusing element (EL) with the whole antenna (ANT) or a Yagi (YAGI).
Real on-air practice: “3 EL YAGI” means a three-element Yagi antenna.
在业余无线电通联中探讨天线时，缩写DP代表：
- A偶极天线
- B长线天线
- C定向天线
- D垂直天线
When discussing antennas in amateur radio contacts, the abbreviation DP stands for:
- Adipole antenna
- Blong-wire antenna
- Cdirectional antenna
- Dvertical antenna
DP stands for dipole antenna (偶极天线). LW is long-wire, BEAM is directional, VER is vertical — so only A matches DP.
US–China difference: DP = dipole is universal; US hams also call it a “dipole”.
Common pitfall: Mixing DP (dipole) with the directional BEAM.
Real on-air practice: A 20 m DP is the classic simple wire antenna.
在业余无线电通联中探讨天线时，缩写GP代表：
- A垂直接地天线
- B对数周期天线
- C偶极天线
- D定向天线
When discussing antennas in amateur radio contacts, the abbreviation GP stands for:
- Aground-plane (grounded vertical) antenna
- Blog-periodic antenna
- Cdipole antenna
- Ddirectional antenna
GP stands for ground-plane antenna (垂直接地天线) — a quarter-wave vertical with radial ground plane. LP (not GP) is log-periodic; DP is dipole; BEAM is directional.
US–China difference: GP = ground plane is the same abbreviation in the US.
Common pitfall: Confusing GP (ground plane) with a general vertical (VER).
Real on-air practice: A 2 m GP is a common base-station vertical.
在业余无线电通联中探讨天线时，缩写VER代表：
- A垂直天线
- B垂直接地天线
- C定向天线
- D偶极天线
When discussing antennas in amateur radio contacts, the abbreviation VER stands for:
- Avertical antenna
- Bground-plane antenna
- Cdirectional antenna
- Ddipole antenna
VER stands for vertical antenna (垂直天线). GP is the ground-plane type, BEAM is directional, DP is dipole — so A is correct.
US–China difference: VER/vertical is the same term in the US.
Common pitfall: Confusing VER (vertical) with GP (ground-plane, a subset).
Real on-air practice: A half-wave VER on 40 m is a tall wire vertical.
在业余无线电通联中探讨天线时，缩写LW代表：
- A长线天线
- B偶极天线
- C定向天线
- D垂直天线
When discussing antennas in amateur radio contacts, the abbreviation LW stands for:
- Along-wire antenna
- Bdipole antenna
- Cdirectional antenna
- Dvertical antenna
LW stands for long-wire antenna (长线天线). DP is dipole, BEAM is directional, VER is vertical — so A is correct.
US–China difference: LW = long wire is identical in US usage.
Common pitfall: Confusing LW with a dipole or a Beverage receive antenna.
Real on-air practice: A long-wire strung between trees is a classic LW antenna.
在业余无线电通联中探讨天线时，缩写YAGI代表：
- A八木天线
- B定向天线
- C偶极天线
- D垂直天线
When discussing antennas in amateur radio contacts, the abbreviation YAGI stands for:
- AYagi antenna
- Bdirectional antenna
- Cdipole antenna
- Dvertical antenna
YAGI stands for Yagi antenna (八木天线), the familiar beam with driven element and parasites. It is directional, but the specific abbreviation YAGI means the Yagi type (A); BEAM is the generic directional term (B).
US–China difference: Yagi is the same design worldwide.
Common pitfall: Choosing “directional” (BEAM) when the question asks the meaning of YAGI specifically.
Real on-air practice: A 3-element YAGI on a tower gives strong gain toward a DX station.
在业余无线电通联中探讨天线时，缩写BEAM代表：
- A定向天线
- B八木天线
- C偶极天线
- D垂直天线
When discussing antennas in amateur radio contacts, the abbreviation BEAM stands for:
- Adirectional (beam) antenna
- BYagi antenna
- Cdipole antenna
- Dvertical antenna
BEAM stands for a directional/beam antenna (定向天线) — the general term for any antenna with gain in one direction. A Yagi is one type of beam, but BEAM itself means the directional category.
US–China difference: “Beam” is the universal English term for a directional antenna.
Common pitfall: Choosing YAGI (a specific beam type) when the generic term BEAM is asked.
Real on-air practice: “Turn your beam NE” means point the directional antenna northeast.
💬 Have questions about this topic, or FCC / CRAC exam preparation?
对本篇内容或 FCC / CRAC 备考有疑问？
本手册仅供业余无线电爱好者学习交流，题库原题版权归 CRAC（中国无线电协会业余无线电分会）所有，英文翻译由 BG7BAG 编译，转载请注明出处。
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