CRAC Bilingual Manual › Part: Laws, Regulations and Rules
CRAC Bilingual Exam Manual (Class A / B / C) | 中国业余无线电台操作技术能力验证英中对照手册
This section covers Operator Capability Verification with 20 bilingual questions from the CRAC 2025 question bank. Each question shows the original Chinese (left) and the English translation (right). The correct answer is highlighted in green, followed by a Knowledge Point Analysis and Candidate Tips covering US–China differences, common pitfalls, and real on-air practice.
Class badges ABC indicate which license-class syllabus includes each question. Class A is the entry level, Class B adds HF privileges, and Class C is the advanced level.
可以组织A类和B类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证的机构是：
- A国家无线电管理机构和省、自治区、直辖市无线电管理机构
- B省、自治区、直辖市无线电管理机构
- C地方教育、体育机构及其相关民间组织
- D地方业余无线电协会
The organizations that may organize the Class A and Class B amateur radio operator-capability verification are:
- Athe national radio management authority and the radio management authorities of the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government
- Bthe radio management authorities of the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government
- Clocal education and sports institutions and their related civil organizations
- Dlocal amateur radio associations
Class A and Class B capability verification may be organized by the national authority and provincial/municipal authorities (A). B omits the national option; C/D are not the organizing bodies for A/B.
US–China difference: US exams are administered by volunteer examiners under FCC oversight, a different model.
Common pitfall: Limiting A/B organizing to provinces only, ignoring the national authority.
Real on-air practice: You can take the Class A exam at a provincial radio-authority session.
负责组织C类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证的机构是：
- A国家无线电管理机构
- B省、自治区、直辖市无线电管理机构
- C国家无线电管理机构和省、自治区、直辖市无线电管理机构
- D地方业余无线电协会
The organization responsible for organizing the Class C amateur radio operator-capability verification is:
- Athe national radio management authority
- Bthe radio management authorities of the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government
- Cthe national radio management authority and the radio management authorities of the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government
- Dlocal amateur radio associations
Class C verification is organized by the 国家无线电管理机构 (national authority) only (A). Provincial authorities (B, C) and local associations (D) may not organize Class C.
US–China difference: The US has no class tiered this way; the Extra class is still FCC-administered nationally.
Common pitfall: Thinking provinces can run Class C exams.
Real on-air practice: Class C (for higher HF power/bands) exams are run nationally.
参加业余无线电台操作技术能力验证时，下列说法正确的是：
- A不向参加验证的人员收取考试费用
- B收取验证考试费
- C根据爱好者操作类别进行收费
- D根据业余无线电台类型进行收费
Which of the following statements is correct regarding participating in amateur radio operator-capability verification?
- ANo examination fee is charged to participants
- BA verification examination fee is charged
- CCharges are based on the participant’s license class
- DCharges are based on the type of amateur radio station
Participating in capability verification is free — no examination fee is charged (A). B/C/D (various fees) are prohibited.
US–China difference: US exam sessions may charge a nominal fee to cover venue; China explicitly charges none.
Common pitfall: Assuming a fee is charged by class or station type.
Real on-air practice: Your Class A exam costs you nothing to sit.
各类业余无线电台操作技术能力证明文件是：
- A无线电管理机构颁发的“业余无线电台操作技术能力验证证书”
- B中国无线电运动协会颁发的“业余无线电台操作证书”
- C地方无线电协会或者其他业余无线电民间组织颁发的“业余无线电台操作证书”
- D地方无线电协会或者其他业余无线电民间组织出具的盖有公章的证明信件
The document certifying amateur radio operator-capability of each class is:
- Athe “Amateur Radio Operator-Capability Verification Certificate” issued by the radio management authority
- Bthe “Amateur Radio Station Operator Certificate” issued by the China Radio Sports Association
- Cthe “Amateur Radio Station Operator Certificate” issued by a local radio association or other amateur radio civil organization
- Dan official-stamped certification letter issued by a local radio association or other amateur radio civil organization
The capability certificate for each class is the 业余无线电台操作技术能力验证证书 issued by the radio management authority (A). B/C/D (old CRSA certificates or association letters) are not the current official proof.
US–China difference: The US equivalent is the FCC license grant; China issues a capability-verification certificate.
Common pitfall: Citing the old “操作证书” from a sports association as current proof.
Real on-air practice: Present your radio-authority certificate (or license) as your qualification.
国家无线电管理机构及其委托的机构可以组织实施如下类别的业余无线电台操作技术能力验证：
- AA类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证
- BB类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证
- CC类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证
- D一级个人业余电台操作证书
The national radio management authority and its entrusted organizations may organize and implement the following classes of amateur radio operator-capability verification: (Choose all that apply.)
- AClass A amateur radio operator-capability verification
- BClass B amateur radio operator-capability verification
- CClass C amateur radio operator-capability verification
- DGrade-1 personal amateur station operator certificate
The national authority and its entrusted bodies may organize Class A, B, and C verification (A, B, C). D (Grade-1 personal certificate) is an obsolete old-system category, not part of the current three-class system.
US–China difference: The US has Technician/General/Extra; China’s three classes map roughly but aren’t identical.
Common pitfall: Including the legacy “一级” certificate as a current class.
Real on-air practice: Today’s exams are only A/B/C; the old grading is gone.
业余无线电台操作技术能力分为哪几类：
- AA类
- BB类
- CC类
- DD类
Into which classes is amateur radio operator-capability divided?
- AClass A
- BClass B
- CClass C
- DClass D
Operator capability is divided into three classes: A类, B类, C类 (A, B, C). There is no D类 in the current system (D is a distractor).
US–China difference: The US uses three license classes too (Technician/General/Extra), but named differently.
Common pitfall: Thinking there’s a Class D.
Real on-air practice: Most newcomers start with Class A, then upgrade to B or C.
不同类别业余无线电台的主要区别在于：
- A允许工作的频率范围
- B允许发射的最大发射功率
- C所用业余无线电台设备的功能
- D所用业余无线电台的天线高度和长度
The main difference between amateur radio stations of different classes lies in: (Choose all that apply.)
- Athe permitted operating frequency range
- Bthe maximum transmit power permitted
- Cthe functions of the amateur radio station equipment used
- Dthe antenna height and length of the amateur radio station used
Different operator-certificate classes (Class A / B / C) differ in the permitted operating frequency range and the maximum transmit power (A, B). Equipment function or antenna height/length are not the defining distinction between classes — a station’s class governs where and how strongly you may operate, not what gear or antenna you own.
US–China difference: The US uses Technician/General/Extra privileges (bands + power); China ties privileges to Class A/B/C the same way but with different band edges.
Common pitfall: Thinking the class depends on equipment capability or antenna size rather than authorized frequency range and power.
Real on-air practice: A Class A holder stays on VHF/UHF up to 25 W; a Class C holder may run up to 1000 W on HF.
A类业余无线电台允许工作的频率范围和最大发射功率为：
- A30-3000MHz频段，不大于25瓦
- B各VHF和UHF频段，不大于25瓦
- C各业余业务和卫星业余业务频段，不大于15瓦
- D各VHF和UHF频段，不大于15瓦
The permitted operating frequency range and maximum transmit power for a Class A amateur radio station are:
- Athe 30–3000 MHz band, not exceeding 25 W
- Bthe various VHF and UHF bands, not exceeding 25 W
- Cthe various amateur and amateur-satellite service bands, not exceeding 15 W
- Dthe various VHF and UHF bands, not exceeding 15 W
A Class A station may operate across the 30–3000 MHz range (i.e., VHF and UHF only) with a maximum transmit power not exceeding 25 W (A). Class A does not include HF (below 30 MHz), and the power cap is 25 W, not 15 W.
US–China difference: The US Technician license also gets VHF/UHF + limited HF; China’s Class A is VHF/UHF only with a 25 W cap.
Common pitfall: Mistaking Class A for HF access or confusing the 25 W cap with the 15 W figure used for some HF limits.
Real on-air practice: A typical Class A handheld/repeater use on 2 m (144 MHz) or 70 cm (430 MHz) at 5–25 W.
取得B类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证证书的，可以申请设置、使用业余无线电台的工作频段和最大发射功率为：
- A30MHz以下频段小于15瓦，或30MHz以上频段不大于25瓦
- B30MHz以下频段不大于100瓦，或30MHz以上频段不大于25瓦
- C30MHz以下频段不大于25瓦，或30MHz以上频段小于15瓦
- D30MHz以下频段不大于25瓦，或30MHz以上频段不大于100瓦
For a person who has obtained the Class B amateur radio operator certificate, the operating frequency bands and maximum transmit power for which they may apply to establish and operate an amateur radio station are:
- Abands below 30 MHz at less than 15 W, or bands above 30 MHz at not exceeding 25 W
- Bbands below 30 MHz at not exceeding 100 W, or bands above 30 MHz at not exceeding 25 W
- Cbands below 30 MHz at not exceeding 25 W, or bands above 30 MHz at less than 15 W
- Dbands below 30 MHz at not exceeding 25 W, or bands above 30 MHz at not exceeding 100 W
A Class B certificate holder may apply for bands below 30 MHz (HF) at less than 15 W, or bands above 30 MHz (VHF/UHF) at not exceeding 25 W (A). Note that the 100 W HF limit belongs to legacy “grandfathered” B holders (see U0068), not the current Class B certificate scope.
US–China difference: US General-class privileges grant full HF at up to 1500 W; China’s current Class B is deliberately limited on HF (under 15 W).
Common pitfall: Confusing the current Class B HF limit (under 15 W) with the older 100 W grandfather limit.
Real on-air practice: A new Class B operator runs low-power (QRP) HF and up to 25 W on VHF/UHF.
取得C类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证证书的，可以申请设置、使用业余无线电台的工作频段和最大发射功率为：
- A30MHz以下频段不大于1000瓦，或30MHz以上频段不大于25瓦
- B30MHz以下频段不大于100瓦，或30MHz以上频段不大于25瓦
- C30MHz以下频段不大于25瓦，或30MHz以上频段不大于15瓦
- D30MHz以下频段不大于25瓦，或30MHz以上频段不大于1000瓦
For a person who has obtained the Class C amateur radio operator certificate, the operating frequency bands and maximum transmit power for which they may apply to establish and operate an amateur radio station are:
- Abands below 30 MHz at not exceeding 1000 W, or bands above 30 MHz at not exceeding 25 W
- Bbands below 30 MHz at not exceeding 100 W, or bands above 30 MHz at not exceeding 25 W
- Cbands below 30 MHz at not exceeding 25 W, or bands above 30 MHz at not exceeding 15 W
- Dbands below 30 MHz at not exceeding 25 W, or bands above 30 MHz at not exceeding 1000 W
A Class C certificate holder may apply for bands below 30 MHz (HF) at up to 1000 W, or bands above 30 MHz (VHF/UHF) at up to 25 W (A). The 1000 W HF ceiling is the highest of the three classes; the VHF/UHF cap stays 25 W as for other classes.
US–China difference: The US Extra class also allows the full 1500 W on HF; China’s top class (C) caps HF at 1000 W.
Common pitfall: Swapping the HF and VHF/UHF power caps — HF is the high-power band (1000 W), VHF/UHF stays 25 W.
Real on-air practice: A Class C station can run a 1 kW amplifier on 20 m while staying legal.
参加A类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证应当符合下列哪些要求：
- A应当熟悉无线电管理规定
- B具有一定的业余无线电台操作技术能力
- C应当年满18周岁
- D应当年满16周岁
Which of the following requirements must be met to participate in the Class A amateur radio operator-capability verification? (Choose all that apply.)
- AOne should be familiar with radio management regulations
- BOne should have a certain level of amateur radio station operating-technical capability
- COne should have reached 18 years of age
- DOne should have reached 16 years of age
To sit the Class A verification you must be familiar with the radio management regulations (A) and possess a basic operating-technical capability (B). There is no minimum age of 18 or 16 — minors may also participate, so C and D are wrong.
US–China difference: The US also requires no minimum age for the entry-level Technician exam; a minor can be licensed.
Common pitfall: Assuming a fixed age floor (16/18) for the entry-level exam.
Real on-air practice: A school student who knows the regs and basic operating can take Class A.
参加B类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证应当符合下列哪些要求：
- A应当依法取得业余无线电台执照6个月以上
- B具有相应的实际操作经验
- C应当年满18周岁
- D应当年满16周岁
Which of the following requirements must be met to participate in the Class B amateur radio operator-capability verification? (Choose all that apply.)
- AOne should have lawfully held an amateur radio station license for more than 6 months
- BOne should have corresponding practical operating experience
- COne should have reached 18 years of age
- DOne should have reached 16 years of age
To sit the Class B verification you must have lawfully held a station license for over 6 months (A) and have practical operating experience (B). Like Class A, there is no fixed age requirement of 18 or 16, so C and D are distractors.
US–China difference: The US lets you upgrade to General without first holding Technician for a set period; China requires 6+ months of licensed operation for Class B.
Common pitfall: Thinking an age limit applies, or forgetting the 6-month licensed-operation prerequisite.
Real on-air practice: After half a year on 2 m with your Class A station, you may sit Class B.
参加C类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证应当符合下列哪些要求：
- A应当依法取得载明30MHz以下频段的业余无线电台执照18个月以上
- B具有相应的实际操作经验
- C应当依法取得载明30MHz以下频段的业余无线电台执照6个月以上
- D应当依法取得载明30MHz以下频段的业余无线电台执照12个月以上
Which of the following requirements must be met to participate in the Class C amateur radio operator-capability verification? (Choose all that apply.)
- AOne should have lawfully held an amateur radio station license recording frequency bands below 30 MHz for more than 18 months
- BOne should have corresponding practical operating experience
- COne should have lawfully held an amateur radio station license recording frequency bands below 30 MHz for more than 6 months
- DOne should have lawfully held an amateur radio station license recording frequency bands below 30 MHz for more than 12 months
To sit the Class C verification you need a station license that records bands below 30 MHz (HF) held for more than 18 months (A) plus practical operating experience (B). The 6-month and 12-month figures are too short, so C and D are wrong.
US–China difference: The US Extra exam has no 18-month HF-license prerequisite; China’s Class C deliberately requires long HF experience.
Common pitfall: Using the 6-month (Class B) threshold for Class C; the top class needs 18 months of HF-licensed operation.
Real on-air practice: After 1.5 years of HF operating on your B-class license, you qualify for Class C.
取得A类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证证书的，可以申请设置、使用如下业余无线电台:
- A设置、使用最大发射功率不大于25瓦VHF频段业余无线电台
- B设置、使用最大发射功率不大于25瓦UHF频段业余无线电台
- C设置、使用最大发射功率不大于25瓦HF频段业余无线电台
- D设置、使用最大发射功率不大于15瓦HF频段业余无线电台
A person who has obtained the Class A amateur radio operator certificate may apply to establish and operate the following amateur radio stations: (Choose all that apply.)
- Aa VHF-band amateur radio station with maximum transmit power not exceeding 25 W
- Ba UHF-band amateur radio station with maximum transmit power not exceeding 25 W
- Can HF-band amateur radio station with maximum transmit power not exceeding 25 W
- Dan HF-band amateur radio station with maximum transmit power not exceeding 15 W
Class A permits VHF-band (A) and UHF-band (B) stations up to 25 W. Class A does not grant any HF (below 30 MHz) operating privilege, so neither C nor D is available to a Class A holder.
US–China difference: US Technicians get some HF privileges; China’s Class A is strictly VHF/UHF.
Common pitfall: Assuming Class A includes HF at any power — it does not.
Real on-air practice: A Class A station works 2 m/70 cm repeaters and simplex, never 20 m.
取得B类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证证书的，可以申请设置、使用如下业余无线电台:
- A设置、使用最大发射功率不大于25瓦VHF频段业余无线电台
- B设置、使用最大发射功率不大于25瓦UHF频段业余无线电台
- C设置、使用最大发射功率小于15瓦HF频段业余无线电台
- D设置、使用最大发射功率小于15瓦LF频段业余无线电台
A person who has obtained the Class B amateur radio operator certificate may apply to establish and operate the following amateur radio stations: (Choose all that apply.)
- Aa VHF-band amateur radio station with maximum transmit power not exceeding 25 W
- Ba UHF-band amateur radio station with maximum transmit power not exceeding 25 W
- Can HF-band amateur radio station with maximum transmit power less than 15 W
- Dan LF-band amateur radio station with maximum transmit power less than 15 W
A current Class B certificate permits VHF up to 25 W (A), UHF up to 25 W (B), and HF/LF below 30 MHz at less than 15 W (C, D — “LF” below 30 MHz is covered by the “bands below 30 MHz” privilege). All four are within the Class B scope, so A, B, C, D are all correct.
US–China difference: US General-class privileges are far broader on HF; China’s current Class B keeps HF under 15 W.
Common pitfall: Forgetting that “bands below 30 MHz” includes both HF and LF, so D is also valid.
Real on-air practice: A Class B operator runs low-power HF (e.g., 10 W on 40 m) plus full VHF/UHF.
取得C类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证证书的，可以申请设置、使用如下业余无线电台:
- A设置、使用最大发射功率不大于25瓦VHF频段业余无线电台
- B设置、使用最大发射功率不大于25瓦UHF频段业余无线电台
- C设置、使用最大发射功率不大于1000瓦HF频段业余无线电台
- D因开展特殊技术试验、通联等活动确需设置、使用大于25瓦VHF频段业余无线电台
A person who has obtained the Class C amateur radio operator certificate may apply to establish and operate the following amateur radio stations: (Choose all that apply.)
- Aa VHF-band amateur radio station with maximum transmit power not exceeding 25 W
- Ba UHF-band amateur radio station with maximum transmit power not exceeding 25 W
- Can HF-band amateur radio station with maximum transmit power not exceeding 1000 W
- Dwhere special technical tests, QSOs, or similar activities genuinely require it, a VHF-band amateur radio station with transmit power above 25 W
Class C permits VHF ≤25 W (A), UHF ≤25 W (B), HF up to 1000 W (C), and — where genuinely needed for special technical testing or QSO events — a VHF station above 25 W under approval (D). All four are valid Class C privileges, so A–D are correct.
US–China difference: US Extra also reaches the top HF power (1500 W); China’s C tops at 1000 W on HF.
Common pitfall: Overlooking D — the special-event VHF-above-25 W case is explicitly allowed for Class C.
Real on-air practice: A Class C station may run 1 kW on 80 m or a high-power VHF setup for a contest with approval.
关于开展特殊技术试验、通联等活动，下列说法正确的是：
- A开展特殊技术试验、通联等活动，确需超出业余无线电台执照载明的功率限值使用业余无线电台的，需经颁发业余无线电台执照的无线电管理机构批准
- B取得C类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证证书且取得业余无线电台执照的人员，经批准可临时在限定条件下开展电台操作
- C取得B类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证证书且取得业余无线电台执照的人员，经批准可临时在限定条件下开展电台操作
- D取得A类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证证书且取得业余无线电台执照的人员，经批准可临时在限定条件下开展电台操作
Which of the following statements about conducting special technical tests, QSOs, and similar activities is correct? (Choose all that apply.)
- AWhere such activities genuinely require operating an amateur radio station beyond the power limit recorded in the station license, approval from the radio management authority that issued the license is required
- BA person holding a Class C operator certificate and a station license may, upon approval, temporarily operate under limited conditions
- CA person holding a Class B operator certificate and a station license may, upon approval, temporarily operate under limited conditions
- DA person holding a Class A operator certificate and a station license may, upon approval, temporarily operate under limited conditions
Exceeding the licensed power limit for special tests/QSOs requires the licensing authority’s approval (A), and only a Class C certificate holder with a license may be approved for such temporary, limited operation (B). Class B (C) and Class A (D) holders are not eligible for this special privilege, so they are incorrect.
US–China difference: In the US, experimental/special-event operations also need coordination, but the class-gated “above-25 W VHF” privilege is specific to China’s Class C.
Common pitfall: Thinking any license class can get temporary special-operation approval — only Class C qualifies.
Real on-air practice: A Class C holder running a high-power VHF demo at a hamfest must first get the authority’s approval.
关于未成年人设置、使用业余无线电台，下列哪些选项为正确：
- A持有A类验证证书的可以设置最大发射功率不大于25瓦VHF频段业余无线电台
- B持有B类验证证书的可以设置最大发射功率不大于25瓦VHF频段业余无线电台
- C持有A类验证证书的可以设置最大发射功率不大于15瓦HF频段业余无线电台
- D持有B类验证证书的可以设置最大发射功率不大于15瓦HF频段业余无线电台
Which of the following is correct regarding minors establishing and operating amateur radio stations? (Choose all that apply.)
- AA minor holding a Class A certificate may establish a VHF-band amateur radio station with maximum transmit power not exceeding 25 W
- BA minor holding a Class B certificate may establish a VHF-band amateur radio station with maximum transmit power not exceeding 25 W
- CA minor holding a Class A certificate may establish an HF-band amateur radio station with maximum transmit power not exceeding 15 W
- DA minor holding a Class B certificate may establish an HF-band amateur radio station with maximum transmit power not exceeding 15 W
Minors may establish stations within their certificate’s privileges: a Class A minor may run a VHF station ≤25 W (A), and a Class B minor may likewise run a VHF station ≤25 W (B). HF (below 30 MHz) operation is not granted to minors under these provisions, so C and D are incorrect.
US–China difference: Both countries allow licensed minors; China additionally restricts minors from HF stations by tying privileges to the certificate scope plus age-related station rules.
Common pitfall: Assuming a minor with Class B can run HF — minors are limited to VHF/UHF ≤25 W here.
Real on-air practice: A teenage Class A holder operates a 2 m handheld or small VHF station.
关于业余无线电台操作技术能力验证，下列哪些选项为正确：
- A业余无线电台操作技术能力验证题库以及验证标准由国家无线电管理机构制定
- B无线电管理机构或者其委托的机构组织将提前向社会公布验证时间、验证要求等有关事项
- C参加业余无线电台操作技术能力验证成绩合格的，由无线电管理机构颁发业余无线电台操作技术能力验证证书
- D不得向参加验证的人员收取费用
Which of the following statements about amateur radio operator-capability verification is correct? (Choose all that apply.)
- AThe question bank and verification standards for amateur radio operator-capability verification are formulated by the national radio management authority
- BThe radio management authority or the organization it entrusts will publicly announce in advance the verification time, requirements, and related matters
- CThose who achieve a passing score in the verification are issued the amateur radio operator-capability verification certificate by the radio management authority
- DNo fee may be charged to participants in the verification
The national radio management authority sets the question bank and standards (A); the authority or its delegate publicly announces sessions in advance (B); passing candidates receive the certificate from the authority (C); and no fee is charged (D). All four statements are correct.
US–China difference: The US question pool is published by the FCC/NCVEC; China’s is set centrally by the national authority and is not publicly released.
Common pitfall: Assuming a fee is charged — verification is explicitly free.
Real on-air practice: You register for a free, publicly announced Class A session and receive your certificate after passing.
关于新版《办法》施行前，依法取得B类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证证书的，下列哪些选项为正确：
- A可以按照规定的许可权限申请设置、使用工作在30MHz以下频段且最大发射功率不大于100瓦
- B可以按照规定的许可权限申请设置、使用工作在30MHz以上频段且最大发射功率不大于25瓦的业余无线电台
- C应按照新版《办法》中B类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证规定的范围设置、使用电台
- D新版《办法》施行前取得的B类业余无线电台操作技术能力验证证书不再有效
Regarding persons who lawfully obtained a Class B amateur radio operator-capability verification certificate before the new Measures came into force, which of the following is correct? (Choose all that apply.)
- AThey may, under the prescribed licensing authority, apply to establish and operate stations on frequency bands below 30 MHz with maximum transmit power not exceeding 100 W
- BThey may, under the prescribed licensing authority, apply to establish and operate amateur radio stations on frequency bands above 30 MHz with maximum transmit power not exceeding 25 W
- CThey should set up and use stations within the scope defined for Class B in the new Measures
- DThe Class B certificate obtained before the new Measures came into force is no longer valid
Pre-new-Measures Class B certificate holders are grandfathered: they may operate below 30 MHz at up to 100 W (A) and above 30 MHz at up to 25 W (B). They are NOT required to downgrade to the new Class B limit (C is wrong), and their old certificate remains valid (D is wrong).
US–China difference: US license upgrades are generally forward-looking; China uses explicit grandfathering to protect prior privileges.
Common pitfall: Assuming the 100 W HF grandfather right was removed by the 2024 Measures — it was preserved for existing B holders.
Real on-air practice: An old B-licensee keeps running 100 W on 20 m, unlike a newly certified B holder (under 15 W).
💬 Have questions about this topic, or FCC / CRAC exam preparation?
对本篇内容或 FCC / CRAC 备考有疑问？
本手册仅供业余无线电爱好者学习交流，题库原题版权归 CRAC（中国无线电协会业余无线电分会）所有，英文翻译由 BG7BAG 编译，转载请注明出处。
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